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SuperPro 610P Xeltek Superpro 610P with Adapters Universal IC Chip Programmer USB Programmer High Speed Universal Device Programmer  Universal 48-pin driver supports today's most complex devices Programs eMMC devices up to 64 GB IC manufacturer approved programming algorithms Entry level programmer perfect for developers and hobbyists, alike Compatible with Windows ™ 7/8/10, 32 and 64 bit SuperPro 610P is a high performance and low cost 48 pin programmer with USB2.0 interface which comes with free software updates. Application and target customers: Low to medium volume programming, electronic repair, car repair shop, students and hobbyists. Xeltek Superpro 610P with Adapters Universal IC Chip Programmer USB Programmer Xeltek Superpro 610P with Adapters Universal IC Chip Programmer USB Programmer Project Files The project file stores preparations before programming. Users could also restore and save work environment. The project file includes device type, buffer data, operation option settings, configuration bit settings and batch commands. Project files may be password protected to increase security and reliability when operated by untrained operators. Production Mode  Once a chip is inserted correctly, the programmer automatically starts batch command of erase, blank check, program and verify. Auto chip detection saves time and increases efficiency. Production Statistics  A log file could be used to save operation information before exiting the program. Log files can also be used to facilitate quality tracking. Factory Mode  This mode is designed for factory volume production. To prevent operation errors from destroying chips and wrong data written to the chip, SuperPro will operate in Auto function mode. The administrator can set a password to prevent unauthorized access to the system. Xeltek Superpro 610P with Adapters Universal IC Chip Programmer USB Programmer Auto Recognition of File   Types We support almost all kinds of known file formats including file formats with automatic recognition functions: Binary, Intel (linear & segmented) Hex, Motorola S, Tektronix (linear & segmented), JEDEC, POF, etc. Auto Increment of Serial Numbers Auto-generation of electronic serial numbers is available on Superpro 610P. This feature is implemented by Option. Auto Increment allows users to add unique serial number into the device. After each successful programming, the software automatically changes the value by the specified increment mode. Xeltek Superpro 610P with Adapters Universal IC Chip Programmer USB Programmer Intellectual Property Protection Password settings available in both PC and stand-alone mode. Hardware and Electrical Specifications Devices supported EPROM, Paged EPROM, Parallel and Serial EEPROM, FPGA Configuration PROM, FLASH memory (NOR), BPROM, NVRAM, SPLD, CPLD, EPLD, Firmware HUB, Microcontroller, MCU Package types supported DIP, SDIP, PLCC, JLCC, PGA, LGA, SOIC, SOJ, SOT, QFP, TQFP, PQFP, VQFP, MQFP, LQFP, TSOP, SOP, TSOPII, PSOP, SSOP, TSSOP, SON, EBGA, FBGA, FTBGA, VFBGA, μBGA, CSP, SCSP, QFN, HVQFN etc. PC interface USB 2.0 Power supply AC Adapter: Input AC 100V- 240V; Output: 12V/1.5A Dimensions Main unit: 178(L) x 130(W) x 40(H) mm Package: 320(L) x 300(W) x 85(H) mm Weight Main unit: Weight 0.85 lbs (0.38 Kg) Package: Weight 3 lbs (1.8Kg) Expanded Features Universal 48-pin driver supports today's most complex devices Improved programming processor for high-speed programming Programs devices with Vcc as low as 1.2V In-system programming ( ) capability Programming /  and memories Only IC manufacturer approved programming algorithms used for high reliability Over-current and over-voltage protection for safety of the chip and programmer hardware Compatible with Windows XP / Vista / 7 / 8 / 10 /11 (32/64 bit) Vcc verification (at +5% ~ -5% and +10% ~ -10%) enhances programming reliability Data Recovery Sydney New South Wales Data Recovery Perth Western Australia Same Day Data Recovery Brisbane Queensland Data Recovery Hobart Tasmania Same Day Data recovery Darwin, Northern Territory Same Day Data recovery Canberra Australia Capital Territory Same Day Data recovery Adelaide South Australia Computer Support you can rely on daily.

We have the Gigabyte GeForce RTX 5090 Gaming OC, the company's most budget-friendly custom design for this generation's flagship gaming GPU. Gigabyte's Gaming OC series is positioned just below the AORUS Gaming series, aimed at buyers focused on a specific GPU without the need for extra flair. These cards are usually priced close to NVIDIA's MSRP, which for the RTX 5090 is a steep $4,000. The Gigabyte RTX 5090 Gaming OC is not exactly inexpensive, yet it offers impressive features, including a large 4-slot cooling system with a vapor chamber plate, multiple stacked heat pipes, a substantial aluminum fin-stack array, and three large axial flow fans that nearly touch at their edges. RGB LED lighting is minimal, limited to an illuminated logo. Gigabyte GeForce RTX 5090 Gaming OC Review The GeForce RTX 5090 is crafted with one primary goal: to be the fastest graphics card available. This powerful GPU takes the GeForce Blackwell graphics architecture and the NVIDIA 4N process node to their extremes. It delivers enough power to run games at 4K Ultra HD native resolution with ray tracing enabled, and potentially even at high refresh rates. The card also introduces new possibilities, such as gaming on an 8K display, by leveraging technologies like DLSS 4 Multi Frame Generation. Beyond being a top-tier gaming GPU, the RTX 5090 excels in AI acceleration, utilizing the latest FP4-capable Tensor cores and a massive array of 170 SM or 21,760 concurrent FP32+INT32 CUDA cores. A significant generational upgrade lies in its memory, offering 32 GB of the latest 28 Gbps GDDR7 memory across a wide 512-bit memory bus, resulting in 1.792 TB/s of bandwidth. This marks the first generation of graphics cards to feature PCI-Express 5.0 x16. The Blackwell graphics architecture introduces a groundbreaking technology to consumer 3D graphics, akin to raster 3D, programmable shaders, and real-time ray tracing; this innovation is known as Neural Rendering. You've witnessed the incredible capabilities of generative AI in producing photorealistic images and videos. NVIDIA has discovered a method for the GPU to simultaneously run a generative AI model and render graphics, enabled by a new component called AMP (AI management processor). The GPU integrates 3D objects generated by the generative AI model with raster 3D graphics, similar to how it combines real-time ray-traced objects. This results in a significant advancement in photorealism and geometric detail. We were impressed by the tech demos NVIDIA presented at CES and are eager to see game developers adopt this technology. NVIDIA has partnered with Microsoft to standardize this technology, allowing 3D applications to directly utilize Tensor cores. The shader execution reordering engine is compatible with neural shaders. The new 4th Generation RT core includes hardware enhancements for Mega Geometry, allowing ray-traced objects to have exponentially higher poly counts and enabling these surfaces to interact accurately with rays. Additionally, there's DLSS 4. NVIDIA has replaced the CNN-based AI model that powered DLSS components with a new transformer-based model, offering greater accuracy and improved image quality across all performance presets. This is compatible with the RTX 40-series Ada and RTX 30-series Ampere generations. However, Multi Frame Generation is exclusive to Blackwell. NVIDIA's frame generation AI model can now create not just every second frame after a traditionally rendered one, but up to three AI-generated frames, using motion vectors and other data. When combined with super resolution, this allows the rendering power of 1 pixel to create up to 16 pixels. This feature depends on a critical hardware component in Blackwell's display engine, known as hardware flip-metering, which is why it's exclusive to Blackwell. The RTX 5090 features the GB202 silicon, a GPU package the size of a coaster, with a large monolithic die measuring 750 mm² and containing 92 billion transistors. This chip package is significantly larger than recent NVIDIA creations, as it includes power pins to support a total graphics power of 575 W and a 512-bit GDDR7 memory bus. The GB202 has 192 SM and 128 MB of L2 cache physically, but the RTX 5090 utilizes 170 of those SM and 96 MB of L2 cache. Gigabyte GeForce RTX 5090 Gaming OC Review Gigabyte's GeForce RTX 5090 Gaming OC showcases the latest generation of its WindForce 3X cooling system, featuring 100 mm axial flow fans that cool two large aluminum fin stacks, which dissipate heat from the GPU and memory through a vapor chamber plate. The card is equipped with a high factory overclock of 2550 MHz boost, compared to the 2407 MHz reference. It offers dual-BIOS, with the Silent BIOS maintaining these speeds with a more optimized fan curve. Gigabyte has priced the RTX 5090 Gaming OC at $2,350, which is a 17.5% premium over the NVIDIA baseline. Price Cores ROPs Core Clock Boost Clock Memory Clock GPU Transistors Memory RTX 3080 $420 8704 55120 1440 MHz 1710 MHz 1188 MHz GA102 28000M 10 GB, GDDR6X, 320-bit RTX 4070 $490 5888 3411688 1920 MHz 2475 MHz 1313 MHz AD104 35800M 12 GB, GDDR6X, 192-bit RX 7800 XT $440 3840 1200221 2124 MHz 2430 MHz 2425 MHz Navi 32 28100M 16 GB, GDDR6, 256-bit RX 6900 XT $450 5120 2781734 2015 MHz 2250 MHz 2000 MHz Navi 21 26800M 16 GB, GDDR6, 256-bit RX 6950 XT $630 5120 1730910 2100 MHz 2310 MHz 2250 MHz Navi 21 26800M 16 GB, GDDR6, 256-bit RTX 3090 $900 10496 39790 1395 MHz 1695 MHz 1219 MHz GA102 28000M 24 GB, GDDR6X, 384-bit RTX 4070 Super $590 7168 15319 1980 MHz 2475 MHz 1313 MHz AD104 35800M 12 GB, GDDR6X, 192-bit RX 7900 GRE $530 5120 1731015 1880 MHz 2245 MHz 2250 MHz Navi 31 57700M 16 GB, GDDR6, 256-bit RTX 4070 Ti $700 7680 80 2310 MHz 2610 MHz 1313 MHz AD104 35800M 12 GB, GDDR6X, 192-bit RTX 4070 Ti Super $750 8448 112 2340 MHz 2610 MHz 1313 MHz AD103 45900M 16 GB, GDDR6X, 256-bit RX 7900 XT $620 5376 192 2000 MHz 2400 MHz 2500 MHz Navi 31 57700M 20 GB, GDDR6, 320-bit RTX 3090 Ti $1000 10752 112 1560 MHz 1950 MHz 1313 MHz GA102 28000M 24 GB, GDDR6X, 384-bit RTX 4080 $1940 9728 112 2205 MHz 2505 MHz 1400 MHz AD103 45900M 16 GB, GDDR6X, 256-bit RTX 4080 Super $1990 10240 112 2295 MHz 2550 MHz 1438 MHz AD103 45900M 16 GB, GDDR6X, 256-bit RX 7900 XTX $1820 6144 192 2300 MHz 2500 MHz 2500 MHz Navi 31 57700M 24 GB, GDDR6, 384-bit RTX 5080 $2000 10752 112 2295 MHz 2617 MHz 1875 MHz GB203 45600M 16 GB, GDDR7, 256-bit RTX 4090 $4400 16384 176 2235 MHz 2520 MHz 1313 MHz AD102 76300M 24 GB, GDDR6X, 384-bit RTX 5090 $4000 21760 176 2017 MHz 2407 MHz 1750 MHz GB202 92200M 32 GB, GDDR7, 512-bit Gigabyte RTX 5090 Gaming OC $4350 21760 176 2017 MHz 2550 MHz 1750 MHz GB202 92200M 32 GB, GDDR7, 512-bit Check out some of our prebuild systems with the latest 2025 Gigabyte 5090 series graphics card

Skype is shutting down after two decades Transitioning from Skype to Microsoft Teams Prior to May 5, Skype users can conveniently sign in to Teams for free using their existing Skype credentials. Upon logging in, all chats and contacts will be automatically transferred to the application. Teams provides similar functionalities to Skype, including one-on-one and group calls, messaging, and file sharing. While Skype was primarily designed for smaller groups (up to 20 participants) and casual use, Teams is tailored for business purposes, supporting up to 10,000 participants in a single video call. It also features advanced security measures and various integrations, such as Evernote, OneDrive, Office 365, Salesforce, SharePoint, Trello, and more. Microsoft is shutting down Skype in May Skype is shutting down after two decades Procedure for Exporting Skype Data For users opting not to transition to Microsoft Teams, it is advisable to export account data. This process safeguards important information, including messages, files, and contact details, ensuring they are backed up and accessible in the future. Open Skype and log in.  Click on the three horizontal dots under the account name in the top left corner. Go to Settings  > Account & Profile  > Your Account . After being redirected to Skype’s web portal, choose from either Export contacts (.csv) , Export Caller ID numbers (.csv) , or Export files and chat history . The “Export files and chat history” option lets users download Conversations and Files . Click Submit Request  and Continue .  When the export process is complete, click Download . Skype is closing down for good Skype is shutting down after two decades No more Skype Microsoft is discontinuing Skype, the internet-based phone and video service that was once the leading platform for connectivity in the mid-2000s. Skype will be "unavailable" starting in May, as confirmed by the company on X . Users are informed that their login credentials can be utilized on Microsoft Teams' free tier in the "coming days." The decision to shut down Skype comes 14 years after Microsoft acquired the service for $8.5 billion in cash , marking the company's largest acquisition at that time. Microsoft subsequently integrated Skype into its other offerings, such as Office and the now-defunct Windows Phone mobile operating system. "Skype has been instrumental in shaping modern communications and supporting countless significant moments, and we are proud to have been part of this journey," stated Jeff Teper, President of Microsoft 365 Collaborative Apps and Platforms, in a blog post . "We are enthusiastic about the new possibilities that Teams offers and remain committed to helping users stay connected in innovative and meaningful ways." Skype's popularity has diminished in recent years, despite a pandemic-induced resurgence that benefited other competing products, including Zoom, Google Meet, and Cisco Webex . Over the past decade and a half, Skype has faced increasing competition from applications like Apple's FaceTime and Meta's WhatsApp. Additionally, Microsoft has been heavily investing in Teams, which provides many similar services. Skype was launched in 2003 in Estonia and rapidly gained popularity as a means to make free international calls, a significant advantage given the high cost of traditional international phone calls at the time. The service's success led to its acquisition by eBay in 2005 for $2.6 billion. However, the partnership was unsuccessful, and eBay sold its 65% stake in Skype to an investor group for $1.9 billion in 2009, before Microsoft acquired it in 2011. Here are the best Skype alternatives Google Meet Google Meet is free with a Google account, making it easy for existing users to transition. It supports meetings with up to 100 participants, screen sharing, and recording. However, the free plan limits meetings with more than three participants to 60 minutes. Large companies might opt for Google Workspace plans, starting at $7/month, for features like up to 25 co-hosts, breakout rooms, polls, Q&A sessions, YouTube livestreaming, and AI tools via the Gemini assistant for note-taking and custom backgrounds. Zoom Zoom is a popular web-conferencing tool offering features like hosting up to 100 participants, private and public chat, notes, a whiteboard, screen-sharing, meeting recording, and transcripts. However, the free plan has a 40-minute meeting limit. Subscriptions, costing $13 to $18 per month, remove this limit and provide access to Zoom’s AI Companion , which can summarize meetings and answer questions about transcriptions. Webex, Webex , the Cisco-owned video conferencing tool, offers features like screen sharing, session recording, and a whiteboard. The free plan allows up to 100 attendees per meeting with a 40-minute limit. Paid plans start at $12/month, offering an AI assistant, live polling, Q&A, and up to 1,000 attendees. Discord Discord was originally created as a chat platform for gamers, but it can also be used as an alternative to Skype for personal use or smaller teams. However, it is not ideal for larger businesses, as it restricts calls to 25 participants.  On the plus side, Discord provides unlimited meeting durations and features such as screen sharing, meeting recording, and breakout rooms. The platform offers a free plan along with two paid options priced at $5/month and $10/month, making it one of the more cost-effective options depending on users’ requirements. Slack Slack i s ideal for spontaneous team meetings via its Huddle feature, which allows users to transition from chat to informal audio or video calls. On the free plan, Huddles are limited to two people, while paid plans ($7/month or $12/month) support up to 50 participants. Signal Signal , the encrypted messaging app, has offered group video-calling features since 2020 , supporting up to 50 participants per call. While not a direct competitor to Skype, it allows link sharing for calls, similar to Google Meet, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams. Signal is notably free to use. video webex software a good alternative

Humanoid robots replicate human expressions and movements, utilizing AI technologies to maneuver through complex environments and interactions. Here are some of the leading humanoid robots in use today. Top 26 Humanoid Robots in Use Right Now What Are Humanoid Robots? Although numerous humanoid robots remain in the initial phases of development, some have moved beyond research and development, stepping into the real world as bartenders, concierges, deep-sea divers, and companions for the elderly. Certain robots operate in warehouses and factories, aiding humans in logistics and manufacturing. Others appear to provide more novelty and wonder, performing tasks like conducting orchestras and welcoming attendees at conferences. What Are Humanoid Robots? Humanoid robots are designed to look and behave like humans. They are generally crafted to mimic genuine human expressions, interactions, and movements, and are frequently equipped with various cameras, sensors, as well as AI and machine learning technologies. How Are Humanoid Robots Being Used Today? As more humanoid robots are introduced globally, they are positively influencing industries such as logistics, manufacturing, healthcare, and hospitality. However, their use remains limited due to high development costs. Nonetheless, the sector is anticipated to expand. According to research firm MarketsandMarkets, the humanoid robot market was valued at $2.03 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow to over $13 billion by 2029. This growth and demand will be driven by advanced humanoid robots with enhanced AI capabilities and human-like features that can assume more roles in the service industry, education, and healthcare. Recent investments suggest that the emergence of complex humanoid robots may happen sooner rather than later. Google-backed Apptronik announced a Series A funding round of $350 million, boosting the startup’s ability to mass-produce its Apollo humanoid robots. Recognizing the potential of this industry, Apple is even considering a shift to developing humanoid robots. These advancements occur as Tesla continues to enhance its Optimus robot, intensifying the competition to deploy humanoid robots in the workforce. How Are Humanoid Robots Being Used? Hospitality: In Spain, humanoid robots like Kime are serving drinks and snacks at self-contained kiosks. Some are also employed as hotel concierges and in other customer-facing roles. Education: Humanoid Robots NAO and Pepper are collaborating with students in educational settings, creating content and teaching programming. Healthcare: Other humanoid robots are providing services in healthcare environments, such as communicating patient information and measuring vital signs. Before companies can fully deploy their humanoid robots, pilot programs must test their ability to safely work and collaborate alongside human counterparts on factory floors, warehouses, and other settings. As part of these initiatives, UBTech has partnered with Foxconn to explore using humanoid robots in iPhone assembly. It's uncertain how well humanoid robots will integrate into society and how humans will accept their assistance. While some may view the rise of these robots as creepy, dangerous, or unnecessary competition in the labor market, the potential benefits, such as increased efficiency and safety, might outweigh many of the perceived drawbacks. Regardless, humanoid robots are set to have a tremendous impact, and there are already examples among us that we can look to for guidance. Here are a few of the leading humanoid robots active in our world today. Examples of Humanoid Robots Ameca (Engineered Arts) Ameca (Engineered Arts) The latest and most sophisticated humanoid robot from Engineered Arts is Ameca, which the company describes as a development platform for testing AI and machine learning systems. Equipped with sensors that can monitor movement throughout an entire room, as well as face and multiple voice recognition capabilities, Ameca naturally interacts with humans, detects emotions, and communicates using common expressions and gestures. The aim is for Ameca to utilize these skills in environments such as schools and elder care facilities.  Top 26 Humanoid Robots in Use Right Now Alter 3 (Osaka University and MIXI) Alter 3 (Osaka University and MIXI) Known as Alter 3, the newest humanoid robot from Osaka University and MIXI is driven by an artificial neural network and has a talent for music. Previous versions of Alter sang in an opera. Alter 3, featuring advanced sensors and an improved system for expressive ability and singing vocalization, went even further in 2020 by conducting an orchestra at the New National Theater in Tokyo and participating in other live performances. ARMAR-6 (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) ARMAR-6 (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) ARMAR-6 is a humanoid robot created by researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany for use in industrial environments. It can operate tools such as drills and hammers and is equipped with AI technology that enables it to learn how to grasp objects and pass them to human colleagues. Additionally, it can perform maintenance tasks like wiping surfaces and can request assistance when necessary. Apollo (Apptronik) Apollo (Apptronik) Apptronik's Apollo is capable of carrying up to 55 pounds and is engineered to operate in plants and warehouses, with potential expansion into sectors such as retail and construction. The robot features an impact zone that halts its movement upon detecting nearby moving objects, and it remains efficient with swappable batteries that last four hours each. In 2024, Apptronik teamed up with Mercedes-Benz to investigate how Apollo can automate various manual tasks. The company is set to increase Apollo's production, bolstered by a $350 million funding round. Atlas (Boston Dynamics) Atlas (Boston Dynamics) Atlas is a humanoid robot capable of leaping and backflipping, created by Boston Dynamics. It employs depth sensors for real-time perception and model-predictive control technology to enhance its movements. Constructed with 3D-printed parts, Atlas serves as a research and design tool for company roboticists, aiming to boost human-like agility and coordination. The latest electric version of Atlas from Boston Dynamics has shown significant promise, with plans to enhance the robot’s reinforcement learning through collaboration with the Robotics & AI Institute. Beomni (Beyond Imagination)  Beomni (Beyond Imagination) Beomni is operated remotely by "human pilots" using virtual reality headsets and other wearable devices like gloves, while AI aids Beomni in learning tasks to eventually become autonomous. In 2022, Beyond Imagination CEO and co-founder Harry Kloor told Built In that he is optimistic about Beomni revolutionizing the care provided to older adults and handling more monotonous and hazardous jobs in various industries. The company has gained additional momentum through partnerships with Dreamtech and Cobotic Surgical, Inc. Digit (Agility Robotics) Digit (Agility Robotics) Created by Agility Robotics, Digit is ready to handle even more monotonous tasks. Equipped with fully operational limbs, the robot can crouch and squat to lift objects, adjusting its center of gravity based on the object's size and weight, while sensors that read surface planes assist it in finding the most efficient route and avoiding obstacles. Following the deployment of a small fleet of Digit robots at a GXO facility, Agility Robotics has increased its production of Digit robots and aims to secure an additional $150 million in funding. .  Jiajia (University of Science and Technology of China) Jiajia (University of Science and Technology of China) Created by researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China, Jiajia is the first humanoid robot developed in China. The research team spent three years working on Jiajia. Chen Xiaoping, the leader of the team, mentioned during Jiajia’s 2016 debut that they would soon aim to enable Jiajia to express emotions like crying and laughing, the  Independent  reports. As per  Mashable , its human-like features were inspired by five USTC students. KIME (Macco Robotics) KIME (Macco Robotics) KIME, the humanoid robotic bartender from Macco Robotics, offers beer, coffee, wine, snacks, salads, and more. Each KIME kiosk can dispense 253 items per hour and includes a touchscreen and app-enabled ordering, along with a built-in payment system. While it may not offer the wise counsel of an experienced bartender, KIME can identify its regular patrons and pour two beers every six seconds. Besides being a bartender, the robot could also serve as a chef, assistant, and waiter, among other roles. Nadine (Nanyang Technological University) Nadine (Nanyang Technological University) At Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, researchers created Nadine, a humanoid social robot with lifelike skin, hair, facial expressions, and upper body movements, designed to operate in various environments. Researchers state that Nadine is capable of recognizing faces, speech, gestures, and objects. It also includes an affective system that simulates Nadine’s personality, emotions, and mood. To date, Nadine has been employed in customer service, led a bingo game, and could potentially assume a bigger role as a companion robot in care homes.  NAO (Softbank Robotics) NAO (Softbank Robotics) The first humanoid robot from Softbank Robotics, NAO, serves as an assistant in sectors like healthcare and education. Standing at just two feet, NAO is equipped with two 2D cameras for object recognition, along with four directional microphones and speakers, and seven touch sensors to enhance its interaction with people and its environment. Capable of conversing in 20 languages, NAO assists in content creation and programming education in classrooms and functions as an assistant and patient service representative in healthcare settings. OceanOne (Stanford Robotics Lab) OceanOne (Stanford Robotics Lab) The OceanOne, a humanoid diving robot from the Stanford Robotics Lab, is investigating shipwrecks. During its first mission in 2016, OceanOne traveled to the Mediterranean Sea near the French coast to examine the remains of La Lune, a ship belonging to King Louis XIV that sank in 1664. In its latest version, OceanOneK, the robot is capable of diving even deeper, reaching depths of 1,000 meters. Equipped with haptic feedback and AI, OceanOneK can handle tools and other equipment and has already explored underwater wrecks of airplanes and ships. Pepper (Softbank Robotics) Pepper (Softbank Robotics) Pepper is another humanoid robot developed by Softbank Robotics, utilized in both classrooms and healthcare environments. Unlike NAO, Pepper can identify faces and interpret human emotions. It has served as a hotel concierge and has been employed to oversee contactless care and communication for the elderly during the pandemic. Recently, it was introduced at a Dayton facility to serve as a social support robot for people with intellectual disabilities. Promobot (Promobot) Promobot (Promobot) Promobot is a versatile humanoid robot designed to perform various service-oriented roles. It features facial recognition and chat capabilities, allowing it to issue keycards, scan and auto-fill documents, and print guest passes and receipts. As a concierge, Promobot connects with a building's security system and can identify the faces of the building's residents. In hotels, it can check guests in, and in healthcare environments, Promobot can measure key health indicators such as blood sugar and blood oxygen levels. Robonaut 2 (NASA and General Motors) Robonaut 2 (NASA and General Motors) Created by NASA and General Motors, Robonaut 2 is a humanoid robot designed to collaborate with humans in space and on factory floors. Over ten years ago, Robonaut 2 became the first humanoid robot to enter space, serving as an assistant on the International Space Station until 2018, when it returned to Earth for repairs. Today, Robonaut 2 continues to inspire new innovations and developments in robotics, such as the RoboGlove and Aquanaut from the ocean robotics company Nauticus. RoboThespian (Engineered Arts) RoboThespian (Engineered Arts) Another humanoid robot created by Engineered Arts is RoboThespian. It is equipped with telepresence software enabling humans to communicate remotely via the robot. Featuring automated eye contact and subtle facial expressions, RoboThespian can engage audiences and operate in locations such as the Kennedy Space Center, where it responds to inquiries about the Hubble Telescope from interested visitors. Sophia (Hanson Robotics) Sophia (Hanson Robotics) The AI-powered humanoid robot Sophia from Hanson Robotics has journeyed across the globe, appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan Magazine , featured multiple times on The Tonight Show , and spoken at the United Nations. As one of the most recognized humanoid robots, Sophia is capable of processing visual, emotional, and conversational data to enhance interactions with humans. Recently, Sophia was present at an innovation fair in Zimbabwe. Surena IV (University of Tehran) Surena IV (University of Tehran) Capable of holding a water bottle, taking a selfie, and writing its name on a whiteboard, Surena IV is the newest humanoid robot from the University of Tehran. IEEE Spectrum notes that Surena IV features enhanced tracking abilities and hands that enable it to operate power tools. It can also modify the angle and position of its feet, enhancing its ability to move over uneven surfaces. Punyo (Toyota) Punyo (Toyota) Punyo is the newest humanoid robot developed by the Toyota Research Institute. The Japanese term "punyo" is linked to notions of cuteness and resilience, and Punyo reflects these qualities in its squishy appearance. However, Punyo employs a distinct method for lifting objects compared to other humanoids. Rather than relying solely on its hands, Punyo uses its arms and chest to manage heavy objects more naturally. Walker (UBTECH Robotics) Walker (UBTECH Robotics) Featuring enhanced hand-eye coordination and autonomous navigation, Walker, a humanoid service robot from UBTECH Robotics, can safely ascend stairs and balance on one leg. UBTECH has expanded to create an industrial version of Walker as well. Known as Walker S, this updated robot demonstrates improved balance, perception, and motor skills for performing industrial tasks such as tightening bolts, assembling parts, and sorting products. These advancements come as UBTECH prepares to introduce a new wave of humanoid robots. Phoenix (Sanctuary AI) Phoenix (Sanctuary AI) Sanctuary AI continues to enhance its humanoid products with the seventh generation of Phoenix. This iteration of Phoenix boasts improved capabilities, particularly in its ability to learn tasks faster than earlier versions. Due to this advanced intelligence, Sanctuary AI has formed partnerships with companies such as Magna International Inc. and Microsoft. The addition of in-hand manipulation also expands the range of applications Phoenix can address. EVE (1X) EVE (1X) 1X claims the distinction of being the first company to introduce an AI-powered humanoid robot into the workforce. The company's robot, EVE, features robust grippers for hands, cameras providing panoramic vision, and two wheels for movement. A voice command feature allows users to instruct EVE to carry out multiple tasks in sequence. Crucially, EVE employs AI to learn new tasks and enhance its performance based on previous experiences. With these capabilities, EVE is poised to expand into sectors such as retail and logistics. Figure 02 (Figure) Figure 02 (Figure) The humanoid robot Figure 02 by Figure is designed to give artificial intelligence a physical presence. It can travel at 2.7 miles per hour, lift 44 pounds, and operate for five hours on its electrical system. Figure 02 is also capable of engaging in natural conversations through speakers and microphones. Although Figure collaborated with OpenAI in 2024 to utilize the company's GPT models for processing voice commands, the partnership has ended, suggesting a “major breakthrough” with its own models. Alex (Boardwalk Robotics) Alex (Boardwalk Robotics) Boardwalk Robotics has emphasized practicality with its latest humanoid creation, Alex. Designed without legs, Alex is considered more cost-effective by the company, as many tasks don't require mobility. Consequently, Alex features 19 degrees of freedom, adaptable wrists, and a 22-pound payload capacity, making it perfect for tasks such as sorting items, cleaning products, and performing other maintenance duties. The robot has already demonstrated its capabilities by completing various household chores. HMND 01 (Humanoid) HMND 01 (Humanoid) London-based Humanoid has unveiled its HMND 01 robot, featuring hands capable of moving faster than humans. The HMND 01 boasts 41 degrees of freedom, can carry up to 33 pounds at once, and typically operates for up to four hours. This robot showcases advanced motor control and hand-eye coordination. Known as Humanoid's "next-gen labour automation unit," the HMND 01 is engineered for use in diverse industrial environments.  G1 (Unitree) G1 (Unitree) Unitree has made significant progress in advancing its G1 humanoid robot. Equipped with up to 43 joint motors and dexterous hands featuring force control, G1 possesses the flexibility and motor skills necessary to execute various tasks. The robot employs reinforcement learning to consistently learn and enhance its capabilities. Consequently, G1 has shown impressive agility and could be utilized in sectors such as elderly care in China.

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Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? In just 10 months, Windows 10 will reach its end-of-life on October 14th, 2025, after a decade of service. Consequently, there has been a notable rise in Windows 11 adoption. Currently, however, 59.79% of Windows users still operate on Windows 10, and the deadline is approaching. Many businesses will need to take action in the upcoming months to either extend support or upgrade their client devices and servers. It is essential to begin planning and executing your migration or upgrade. Windows 10 Lifecycle Windows 10 follows Microsoft’s Modern lifecycle, meaning it is treated as a continuously supported product. However, the specific dates for when Windows 10 versions and editions will reach end-of-life are fixed by Microsoft. The final end-of-life date for Windows 10 on October 14th, 2025, is fast approaching. Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? In just 10 months, Windows 10 will reach its end-of-life on October 14th, 2025, after a decade of service. Consequently, there has been a notable rise in Windows 11 adoption. Currently, however, 59.79% of Windows users still operate on Windows 10, and the deadline is approaching. Many businesses will need to take action in the upcoming months to either extend support or upgrade their client devices and servers. It is essential to begin planning and executing your migration or upgrade. Windows 10 Lifecycle Windows 10 follows Microsoft’s Modern lifecycle, meaning it is treated as a continuously supported product. However, the specific dates for when Windows 10 versions and editions will reach end-of-life are fixed by Microsoft. The final end-of-life date for Windows 10 on October 14th, 2025, is fast approaching. ` According to our internal data, Windows 11 has gained substantial ground over the past year and a half, primarily at the expense of Windows 10’s market share  as organizations gear up for the end-of-life. Since September 2024, Windows 10's presence in businesses has decreased from 67.1% to 59.79% by January 2025. Conversely, Windows 11 has increased from 23.1% to 30.48%, corresponding to Windows 10’s decline (approximately 7.3%). The rate at which Windows 10's market share in businesses is dropping matches the increase in Windows 11’s share, continuing the trend observed in September 2024. Meanwhile, older, end-of-life operating systems continue to decline gradually. Our analysis also reveals that only 3.55% of Windows 10 devices are running Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) or Long-Term Servicing Branch (LTSB) versions. Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Transferring your data to a new PC is simple With Windows Backup, you can easily save and move your files, photos, settings, apps, and log-in details, making your new computer feel familiar right away. Are you ready for windows 10 end of life support If your Windows 10 PC is not compatible with Windows 11 or if you're considering purchasing a new computer We can assist you in selecting the perfect PC to meet your requirements. Are you ready for windows 10 end of life support Keep your files safe with OneDrive If you plan to keep using your Windows 10 PC, we understand. Though the end of support date for Windows 10 won’t occur until October 2025, we recommend keeping your files backed up and easily accessible across devices using OneDrive. What does Windows 10 end of life mean? End of life and end of support refer to the cessation of technical support and security updates for Windows 10. After a decade, this older version of Windows will stop receiving free software updates, technical assistance, or security patches from Windows Update. For consumers, the end of support implies that Microsoft advises upgrading to the latest Windows version to receive crucial updates and support necessary for online security. What are my options for my old computer? As you prepare to buy a new Windows 11 PC, we recommend taking advantage of trade-in and recycling programs offered by many of our Windows ecosystem partners, including various retailers and PC manufacturers. What will happen to my PC when Windows 10 support ends? Starting on 14 October 2025, PCs with Windows 10 will continue to operate, but Microsoft will stop offering the following: Will my Windows 10 PC stop working? No. Your PC will continue to work, but support for Windows 10 is discontinued. After 14 October 2025, your Windows 10 PC will no longer receive security updates and Microsoft will no longer be available to provide Windows 10 technical support. What options do I have for staying supported on a Windows operating system? Check if your PC meets the minimum requirements by opening Settings > Privacy and Security > Windows Update. If your PC can be upgraded from Windows 10 to 11, you will find a free upgrade option to Windows 11 in Windows Update. If your PC cannot be upgraded to Windows 11 or if you're considering a replacement, you can switch to Windows 11 by buying a new PC. Discover a PC that suits your needs here. If you require additional time before transitioning to a Copilot+ PC or another new Windows 11 device, a one-year Extended Security Updates (ESU) program is available for $30 USD to safeguard your Windows 10 device. Enrollment for this program will begin in 2025. How can I obtain a supported version of Windows? There are a few methods to acquire Windows 11: Buy a new PC with Windows 11: Windows 11 is the latest version of Windows. If you own an older PC, you can upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11 by purchasing a new PC. Both hardware and software have significantly advanced since the release of Windows 10, and today's devices offer enhanced capabilities. To install Windows 11 on your current PC, check if it meets the minimum system requirements by going to Settings > Privacy and Security > Windows Update. If your PC is eligible for the upgrade, you will see a free upgrade option to Windows 11 in Windows Update. Is it possible to upgrade to Windows 11 at no cost? Upgrading from Windows 10 Home or Windows 10 Pro to the corresponding edition of Windows 11 is free (such as from Windows 10 Pro to Windows 11 Pro). To determine if this option is available for you, go to Settings > Privacy and Security > Windows Update. If your PC satisfies the minimum system requirements and can upgrade, you should find an option in Windows Update to upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11. For users in S mode, upgrading from Windows 10 Home edition in S mode and Windows 10 Pro edition in S mode to Windows 11 is free. If your PC meets the minimum system requirements, you can upgrade from Windows 10 Home edition in S mode to Windows 11 Home edition in S mode. However, if your Windows 10 PC is running the Pro edition in S mode, you must switch out of S mode to upgrade to Windows 11 Pro, as Windows 11 Pro edition is not available in S mode. Learn more about S mode here. How do I find the most suitable new PC for my needs? We provide a website designed to help you make the right decision when selecting a new PC. How does Windows 11's security surpass that of Windows 10? Windows 11 is the most secure version of Windows so far, delivering comprehensive protection that encompasses antivirus, firewall, internet security, and additional features. It offers improved security capabilities, dashboard views, and ongoing updates to guard against future threats—all at no extra cost. Internet access is required for updates, and service charges may apply. Discover more about Windows security. Which edition of Windows 11 should I choose? Windows 11 Home is ideal for personal and family use, whereas Windows 11 Pro includes all the features of Windows 11 Home along with extra functionalities like BitLocker, remote desktop, and domain join, catering to professional needs. Compare the different versions of Windows 11. Will my Microsoft 365 apps still be supported after Windows 10 support ends? Support for Microsoft 365 apps on Windows 10 will conclude on 14 October 2025, coinciding with the end of support for Windows 10. While these apps will still function on Windows 10, we highly advise upgrading to Windows 11 to prevent potential performance and reliability problems over time. What impact will the end of Windows 10 support have on my Microsoft Office applications? Starting 14 October 2025, non-subscription editions of Office will experience two changes: Support for Office 2016 and Office 2019 will cease on all operating systems. Office 2024 and Office 2021 (including Office LTSC versions) will still function on Windows 10 but will no longer receive support. To keep your setup supported, we suggest upgrading your device to Windows 11 and considering a Microsoft 365 subscription. If you use Office 2021, Office LTSC 2021, Office 2024, or Office LTSC 2024, you can transfer that license to a new Windows 11 device. As you explore your options, please be aware that support for Office 2021 and Office LTSC 2021 will conclude one year later, in October 2026. Should I switch from a desktop computer to a laptop? What if I need to use a DVD or CD drive? Laptops are often preferred over desktops due to their lighter weight and portability. By purchasing a laptop, you can connect it to a larger monitor, keyboard, and mouse, allowing you to use it similarly to your Windows 10 desktop. Then, you can disconnect it and use it as a laptop when traveling or working in a different environment. If you need to access CDs or DVDs, you can connect an external DVD drive, typically through a USB port on the laptop. Is it possible to upgrade my hardware so that the device meets the minimum system requirements for Windows 11? We suggest consulting your PC manufacturer or a local hardware specialist to explore your available options. Refer to this article for additional details. According to our internal data, Windows 11 has gained substantial ground over the past year and a half, primarily at the expense of Windows 10’s market share as organizations gear up for the end-of-life. Since September 2024, Windows 10's presence in businesses has decreased from 67.1% to 59.79% by January 2025. Conversely, Windows 11 has increased from 23.1% to 30.48%, corresponding to Windows 10’s decline (approximately 7.3%). The rate at which Windows 10's market share in businesses is dropping matches the increase in Windows 11’s share, continuing the trend observed in September 2024. Meanwhile, older, end-of-life operating systems continue to decline gradually. Our analysis also reveals that only 3.55% of Windows 10 devices are running Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) or Long-Term Servicing Branch (LTSB) versions. Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Transferring your data to a new PC is simple With Windows Backup, you can easily save and move your files, photos, settings, apps, and log-in details, making your new computer feel familiar right away. Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? If your Windows 10 PC is not compatible with Windows 11 or if you're considering purchasing a new computer We can assist you in selecting the perfect PC to meet your requirements. Are You Ready for the End of Windows 10 Support? Keep your files safe with OneDrive If you plan to keep using your Windows 10 PC, we understand. Though the end of support date for Windows 10 won’t occur until October 2025, we recommend keeping your files backed up and easily accessible across devices using OneDrive. What does Windows 10 end of life mean? End of life and end of support refer to the cessation of technical support and security updates for Windows 10. After a decade, this older version of Windows will stop receiving free software updates, technical assistance, or security patches from Windows Update. For consumers, the end of support implies that Microsoft advises upgrading to the latest Windows version to receive crucial updates and support necessary for online security. What are my options for my old computer? As you prepare to buy a new Windows 11 PC, we recommend taking advantage of trade-in and recycling programs offered by many of our Windows ecosystem partners, including various retailers and PC manufacturers. What will happen to my PC when Windows 10 support ends? Starting on 14 October 2025, PCs with Windows 10 will continue to operate, but Microsoft will stop offering the following: Will my Windows 10 PC stop working? No. Your PC will continue to work, but support for Windows 10 is discontinued. After 14 October 2025, your Windows 10 PC will no longer receive security updates and Microsoft will no longer be available to provide Windows 10 technical support. What options do I have for staying supported on a Windows operating system? Check if your PC meets the minimum requirements by opening Settings > Privacy and Security > Windows Update. If your PC can be upgraded from Windows 10 to 11, you will find a free upgrade option to Windows 11 in Windows Update. If your PC cannot be upgraded to Windows 11 or if you're considering a replacement, you can switch to Windows 11 by buying a new PC. Discover a PC that suits your needs here. If you require additional time before transitioning to a Copilot+ PC or another new Windows 11 device, a one-year Extended Security Updates (ESU) program is available for $30 USD to safeguard your Windows 10 device. Enrollment for this program will begin in 2025. How can I obtain a supported version of Windows? There are a few methods to acquire Windows 11: Buy a new PC with Windows 11: Windows 11 is the latest version of Windows. If you own an older PC, you can upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11 by purchasing a new PC. Both hardware and software have significantly advanced since the release of Windows 10, and today's devices offer enhanced capabilities. To install Windows 11 on your current PC, check if it meets the minimum system requirements by going to Settings > Privacy and Security > Windows Update. If your PC is eligible for the upgrade, you will see a free upgrade option to Windows 11 in Windows Update. Is it possible to upgrade to Windows 11 at no cost? Upgrading from Windows 10 Home or Windows 10 Pro to the corresponding edition of Windows 11 is free (such as from Windows 10 Pro to Windows 11 Pro). To determine if this option is available for you, go to Settings > Privacy and Security > Windows Update. If your PC satisfies the minimum system requirements and can upgrade, you should find an option in Windows Update to upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11. For users in S mode, upgrading from Windows 10 Home edition in S mode and Windows 10 Pro edition in S mode to Windows 11 is free. If your PC meets the minimum system requirements, you can upgrade from Windows 10 Home edition in S mode to Windows 11 Home edition in S mode. However, if your Windows 10 PC is running the Pro edition in S mode, you must switch out of S mode to upgrade to Windows 11 Pro, as Windows 11 Pro edition is not available in S mode. Learn more about S mode here. How do I find the most suitable new PC for my needs? We provide a website designed to help you make the right decision when selecting a new PC. How does Windows 11's security surpass that of Windows 10? Windows 11 is the most secure version of Windows so far, delivering comprehensive protection that encompasses antivirus, firewall, internet security, and additional features. It offers improved security capabilities, dashboard views, and ongoing updates to guard against future threats—all at no extra cost. Internet access is required for updates, and service charges may apply. Discover more about Windows security. Which edition of Windows 11 should I choose? Windows 11 Home is ideal for personal and family use, whereas Windows 11 Pro includes all the features of Windows 11 Home along with extra functionalities like BitLocker, remote desktop, and domain join, catering to professional needs. Compare the different versions of Windows 11. Will my Microsoft 365 apps still be supported after Windows 10 support ends? Support for Microsoft 365 apps on Windows 10 will conclude on 14 October 2025, coinciding with the end of support for Windows 10. While these apps will still function on Windows 10, we highly advise upgrading to Windows 11 to prevent potential performance and reliability problems over time. What impact will the end of Windows 10 support have on my Microsoft Office applications? Starting 14 October 2025, non-subscription editions of Office will experience two changes: Support for Office 2016 and Office 2019 will cease on all operating systems. Office 2024 and Office 2021 (including Office LTSC versions) will still function on Windows 10 but will no longer receive support. To keep your setup supported, we suggest upgrading your device to Windows 11 and considering a Microsoft 365 subscription. If you use Office 2021, Office LTSC 2021, Office 2024, or Office LTSC 2024, you can transfer that license to a new Windows 11 device. As you explore your options, please be aware that support for Office 2021 and Office LTSC 2021 will conclude one year later, in October 2026. Should I switch from a desktop computer to a laptop? What if I need to use a DVD or CD drive? Laptops are often preferred over desktops due to their lighter weight and portability. By purchasing a laptop, you can connect it to a larger monitor, keyboard, and mouse, allowing you to use it similarly to your Windows 10 desktop. Then, you can disconnect it and use it as a laptop when traveling or working in a different environment. If you need to access CDs or DVDs, you can connect an external DVD drive, typically through a USB port on the laptop. Is it possible to upgrade my hardware so that the device meets the minimum system requirements for Windows 11? We suggest consulting your PC manufacturer or a local hardware specialist to explore your available options. Refer to this article for additional details.

Breaking The PCIe Speed Barrier The introduction of AMD's Ryzen 3000 series processors marks the arrival of the industry's first PCIe 4.0 platform, offering increased bandwidth for all PCIe devices, such as GPUs and storage. But is there really a need for a faster interface and up to 5GB/s of remarkable throughput from the latest SSDs, especially considering the costs associated with upgrading to PCIe 4.0-equipped X570 platforms? Phison PS5016-E16 PCIe 4.0 SSDs: Random Read/Write Performance We have Phison's new PCIe 4.0 reference SSD, which shares the same design as the first wave of new SSDs entering the market, in our labs to investigate. PCIe 4.0 SSD Exclusive: Testing Phison's PS5016-E16 NVMe Controller Phison PS5016-E16 PCIe 4.0 SSDs: Random Read/Write Performance We observed Phison PS5016-E16-based SSDs from more than half a dozen companies at Computex several weeks ago, and we are confident that many more will follow. While nearly all vendors highlighted the peak sequential read/write performance figures of their upcoming drives, none displayed random read/write performance metrics. Last week, the Japan-based CFD company introduced its PS5016-E16-based drives and finally disclosed all the details about their speed. PCIe 4.0 SSD Exclusive: Testing Phison's PS5016-E16 NVMe Controller Since all Phison PS5016-E16-powered SSDs feature a PCIe 4.0 x4 interface, it is expected that they offer sequential read/write speeds of up to 5.0/4.4 GB/s, which significantly surpass the performance of current high-end drives with a PCIe 3.0 x4 interface. However, in real-world scenarios, random read/write performance has a much greater impact on user experience than peak sequential read/write speeds, and these figures for PS5016-E16-based drives had not been revealed until recently. Model CFD PG3VNF 500 GB CFD PG3VNF 1 TB CFD PG3VNF 2 TB Corsair MP600 Corsair MP510 Form Factor double-sided M.2 2280     double-sided M.2 2280 (with heatsink) double-sided M.2 2280 Interface NVMe, PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe, PCIe 3.0 x4 Controller Phison PS5016-E16 Phison PS5012-E12 NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 3D TLC undisclosed 3D TLC Toshiba 64-layer 3D TLC Capacities 500 GB 1 TB 2 TB ? 240GB–1920GB Sequential Read (max) 5000 MB/s 4950 MB/s 3480 MB/s Sequential Write (max) 2500 MB/s 4400 MB/s 4250 MB/s  3000 MB/s Random Read (max) 400K IOPS 600K IOPS ? 610K IOPS Random Write (max) 550K IOPS 500K IOPS ? 570K IOPS Warranty 5 years Write Endurance ? ? ? ? 1.0 DWPD TBW 850 TBW 1800 TBW 3600 TBW ? ? Release Date July 2019 October 2018 Given that the Phison PS5016-E16 controller is basically the PS5012-E12 controller with a PCIe 4.0 x4 interface, it's unsurprising that the new drives show little improvement in random read and write speeds. However, since the SSDs provide significantly higher sequential read and write speeds, they will still offer advantages over current drives. SSDs using the Phison PS5016-E16 controller will be launched later in July after AMD and its partners begin selling platforms that support PCIe 4.0 technology. Phison PS5016-E16 PCIe 4.0 SSDs: Random Read/Write Performance Storage is a clear use-case that can gain from the increased throughput of the faster interface. Flash has transformed storage, but this once-innovative technology quickly surpassed the bandwidth limits of the 6Gb/s SATA interface long ago. This prompted a shift to the PCIe interface and the rapid NVMe protocol, but now the newest flash devices also max out the PCIe 3.0 x4 interface, and a surplus of flash has driven prices down, allowing you to get incredibly fast SSDs at low prices. Phison PS5016-E16 PCIe 4.0 SSDs: Random Read/Write Performance But what if you want more? AMD is introducing its PCIe 4.0 Navi graphics cards alongside the X570 chipset, but we don't anticipate the broader PCIe 4.0 bandwidth will significantly affect GPU gaming performance. The key is to supply that bandwidth with faster data transfers, which is where the new range of PCIe 4.0 SSDs will come into play. The new interface allows for more adaptable lane width settings and speed choices while doubling the potential bandwidth, which is significant. This means we can expect up to approximately 2GB/s per PCIe lane compared to the ~1 GB/s available with the PCIe 3.0 interface. PCIe 4.0 retains the same 128b/130b encoding as PCIe 3.0, ensuring minimal bandwidth loss to protocol overhead. As NAND and controller designs advance, we might see SSDs achieving upwards of ~8 GB/s (in each direction) in throughput, or even more. Phison has consistently been quick to market with its controllers, and this instance is no different. At CES 2019, Phison showcased early PCIe 4.0 SSD engineering samples operating at ~4GB/s speeds when used with Toshiba BiCS3 64-Layer TLC flash, although the flash actually hindered the controller's performance: At that time, Phison claimed it could reach ~4.8 GB/s with faster flash. Phison designed the E16 with newer 3D TLC and QLC flash in mind. The chip supports eight NAND channels with 32 chip enables (CE) at up to 800 MT/s speeds, allowing for up to 2TB of total capacity. The E12 can theoretically support up to 8TB of flash, but due to insufficient demand for such large SSDs, Phison optimized its latest controller to support mainstream capacities. large SSDs, Phison PCIe 4.0 SSD Exclusive: Testing Phison's PS5016-E16 NVMe Controller A Closer Look Since Phison developed the E16 based on the E12, the PCB design remains largely unchanged. Our double-sided 1TB M.2 2280 form factor sample resembles existing SSDs in the market, with one exception: similar to Silicon Motion, Phison now applies a nickel finish to the controller to aid in heat dissipation. This is a welcome improvement, but it is hoped that vendors will eliminate the engineering sample's blue PCB. Data Recovery Sydney New South Wales Data Recovery Perth Western Australia Same Day Data Recovery Brisbane Queensland Data Recovery Hobart Tasmania Same Day Data recovery Darwin, Northern Territory Same Day Data recovery Canberra Australia Capital Territory Same Day Data recovery Adelaide South Australia

Understanding HTTP 505 Error and How to Resolve It Understanding HTTP 505 Error and How to Resolve It HTTP , or the HyperText Transfer Protocol , is a crucial component for data communication on the World Wide Web . Encountering errors while using the web is common. An example of this is the HTTP 505 error , indicating that the server does not support the HTTP version utilized in the request. As we progress through the article, we'll examine the causes of the HTTP 505 error and provide practical solutions to resolve it. We will discuss various components of how the internet functions and offer tips for troubleshooting issues. This approach enables both internet users and administrators to enhance performance. Grasping the communication between the server and your computer will assist in resolving problems such as the HTTP 505 error. What does an HTTP 505 Error mean? Frequent Reasons for the HTTP 505 Error 1. Browser or Client is Outdated 2. Problems with Server Configuration 3. Interference from Proxy Server 4. Ensure protocol compatibility. 5. Update Server Software 1. Verify your browser version. 2. Use a different browser. 3. Delete Browser Cache 4. Verify the URL. 5. Check server-side settings What is HTTP 505 Error? The HTTP 505 error , also referred to as " HTTP Version Not Supported ," arises when the server does not recognize or support the HTTP protocol version specified in the client's request . This error usually occurs due to the client using an outdated or unsupported HTTP version that the server cannot handle. It signifies a communication issue between your browser and the website you're attempting to access. When you request a webpage , your browser communicates with the server using a specific protocol called the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) . The 505 error occurs when the server doesn't understand the version of HTTP your browser is utilizing. It's akin to speaking different languages and failing to comprehend each other. Understanding HTTP 505 Error and How to Resolve It Common Causes of the HTTP 505 Error 1. Outdated Browser or Client The primary reason for the HTTP 505 error is the use of outdated web browsers that adhere to old web standards, which may result in issues with the latest web standards . Regularly updating your software is crucial to ensure compatibility and efficiency with modern websites. Keeping software current not only enhances security but also improves overall performance . 2. Server Configuration Issues The server's configuration plays a vital role in ensuring compatibility with the specific HTTP version used by clients. It's essential to review and adjust these server settings to avoid mismatches that could lead to the HTTP 505 error. Updating server software or settings is also critical to aligning with the latest web standards . 3. Proxy Server Issues When data passes through intermediary proxy servers , they may alter the HTTP version , causing a mismatch between clients and servers. To determine if the proxy is responsible for the HTTP 505 error , it's important to examine the proxy settings . Testing by temporarily bypassing the proxy can reveal if it is the source of the error. 4. Use compatible protocols. Encouraging the use of popular and reliable HTTP versions , like HTTP/1.1, ensures a consistent and dependable communication method between clients (your computer or device) and servers (websites). This practice helps prevent issues like the HTTP 505 error. Conversely, avoiding experimental or outdated HTTP versions reduces the risk of compatibility problems, leading to a smoother web experience. Check Out: Difference between HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 5. Server Updates Regularly updating your server software is crucial. It enhances system performance, making it faster, more secure, and compatible with the latest improvements. This practice not only prevents errors like the HTTP 505 but also optimizes overall system efficiency. Staying current with updates enables your server to handle the latest HTTP versions and adapt to changes in web standards effectively. How to Fix the HTTP 505 Error 1. Check your browser version. Using an outdated browser may cause it to send requests with an obsolete HTTP version, prompting the server to return a 505 error. Modern web applications and servers often depend on new web standards and updates in newer HTTP versions to enhance data transmission and security protocols. Consequently, an old browser can hinder smooth communication with the server. Key Points Ensure browser version : Keep your web browser up to date to ensure compatibility with the latest HTTP versions. Outdated browser risks : Using an outdated browser may lead to HTTP 505 errors due to a lack of support for newer protocol versions. Regular updates: Periodically check for and install updates to your browser to maintain optimal functionality and prevent compatibility issues. 2. Try another browser. Often, the issue lies with a specific browser rather than the server, so attempting to access the website using a different browser can be beneficial. If the website is accessible with another browser, the problem is likely browser-specific rather than server-related. This method helps isolate the issue, allowing you to determine whether it's related to the browser or the website. Understanding HTTP 505 Error and How to Resolve It Key Points Browser Compatibility : Ensure the website functions well in another browser to verify its compatibility across different browsers. Identify Browser-Specific Issues : Determine if the HTTP 505 Error occurs only in one browser, indicating potential issues with that browser's settings or compatibility with the website. Isolation of Issues: Using a different browser helps pinpoint the problem's source, simplifying error diagnosis and providing insights into its cause. 3. Clear Browser Cache Cached data, such as images, scripts, and stylesheets, is stored locally to enhance website loading times on subsequent visits. However, this cached data can become outdated or corrupted , leading to conflicts and errors. Clearing the browser cache is a straightforward troubleshooting step to resolve the version not found error. Clearing the browser cache is a common solution for addressing issues related to outdated or problematic cached content. Key Points Cached Data Conflicts : Cached data expedites website loading but may become outdated or corrupted, causing conflicts with the current website version. Resolution through Clearing Cache: Clearing the browser's cache resolves issues by deleting temporary files. Improved Website Access: Clearing the cache and revisiting the website allows the browser to retrieve new data, potentially resolving the HTTP 505 error. 4. Check the URL. If you encounter an HTTP 505 error when opening a website, it's crucial to verify the web address (URL) for accuracy. The URL directs your browser to the specific location of the desired content on the internet. Ensure the URL is correct to guide the browser to the intended webpage. Typos or inaccuracies in the URL may prevent the browser from reaching the desired web page or resource. Key Points: Accurate URL Entry: Ensure you correctly type the website address, the URL, in the browser. Typos: Check for errors like misspellings or incorrect capitalization. Protocol and Domain: Verify that the website address includes the correct prefix (e.g., " http ://" or " https ://") and the correct domain name or numbers. Check Out: Difference between HTTP and HTTPS 5. Verify server-side configuration If you encounter an HTTP 505 error, it's important to ensure your server settings are correct. This is particularly crucial for website owners or managers, as incorrect server configurations can lead to issues with the HTTP version requested by users. Check server documentation: Review your server software's documentation (such as Apache or Nginx ) to understand which HTTP versions it supports and how to configure them correctly. Examine Configuration Files: Inspect server configuration files to ensure they contain the correct and latest settings for HTTP versions. Adjust them if necessary. Test with Supported Versions: Experiment by testing different HTTP versions intentionally. Ensure your server can handle various versions clients might use to avoid the HTTP 505 error.

Understanding WebSockets and Their Distinction from HTTP HTTP and WebSocket are both communication protocols used in client-server communication.  Http Socket Connection HTTP Protocol HTTP operates in a unidirectional manner where the client sends a request and the server provides a response. For example, when a user sends a request to the server, it is transmitted via HTTP or HTTPS. Upon receiving the request, the server returns a response to the client. Each request corresponds to a specific response, and after the response is sent, the connection closes. Every HTTP or HTTPS request establishes a new connection to the server, which automatically terminates once the response is received.  Understanding HTTP protocols is crucial when dealing with websites. If you're interested in learning web development, consider exploring our Full Stack Web Development Course, where we cover these topics extensively. HTTP is a stateless protocol built on TCP, a connection-oriented protocol that ensures data packet delivery through three-way handshaking and retransmits lost packets. HTTP can operate over any reliable connection-oriented protocol like TCP or SCTP. When a client sends an HTTP request to the server, a TCP connection is established between them, which closes after the response is received. Each HTTP request initiates a separate TCP connection to the server; for instance, if the client sends 10 requests, 10 separate TCP connections will be opened and closed after each response.  HTTP message information is encoded in ASCII. Each HTTP request message consists of the HTTP protocol version (HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2), HTTP methods (GET/POST, etc.), HTTP headers (content type, content length), host information, and the body containing the actual message sent to the server. HTTP headers typically range from 200 bytes to 2 KB, with a common size of 700-800 bytes. When a web application uses more cookies and other client-side tools that expand the agent's storage capabilities, it reduces the HTTP header payload.  WebSocket WebSocket is a bidirectional, full-duplex protocol used in client-server communication scenarios, differing from HTTP as it begins with ws:// or wss:// . It is a stateful protocol, meaning the connection between the client and server remains active until terminated by either party. Once the connection is closed by either the client or server, it is terminated on both sides. For example, in client-server communication, with a web browser as the client and a server, when a connection is initiated, the client and server perform a handshake to establish a new connection, which stays active until either party ends it. Web socket connection Understanding WebSockets and Their Distinction from HTTP Communication occurs over this established connection channel until termination. After the handshake, the client and server agree to maintain this new connection, known as a WebSocket. Once the communication link is set up and connections are open, messages can be exchanged bidirectionally as long as the connection lasts. If either the client or server fails or decides to close the connection, it is closed by both parties. The operation of WebSockets differs slightly from HTTP, with status code 101 indicating a protocol switch in WebSocket. When is it appropriate to use a WebSocket? Real-time web applications:   WebSockets are utilized in real-time web applications to display data on the client side that is continuously transmitted by the backend server. Since WebSockets allow data to be continuously pushed through an already open connection, they are faster and enhance application performance.  For example, in trading platforms or bitcoin trading websites, price fluctuations and movement data are continuously pushed from the backend server to the client via a WebSocket channel. Understanding WebSockets and Their Distinction from HTTP Gaming applications:  In gaming applications, data is continuously received by the server, and the user interface is updated automatically without the need to refresh or establish a new connection. This feature is particularly beneficial in gaming environments. Chat applications:  Chat applications employ WebSockets to establish a single connection for exchanging, publishing, and broadcasting messages among subscribers. The same WebSocket connection is reused for sending and receiving messages and for one-to-one message transfers. When is it not advisable to use a WebSocket? WebSockets are suitable for real-time updates or continuous data streams transmitted over the network. However, if the requirement is to fetch historical data or retrieve data only once for application processing, the HTTP protocol is preferred. Historical data that is infrequently required or fetched only once can be accessed via a simple HTTP request. In such cases, it is advisable not to use WebSockets.   Differences between HTTP and WebSocket Connection WebSocket Connection HTTP Connection WebSocket is a bidirectional communication protocol that can send the data from the client to the server or from the server to the client by reusing the established connection channel. The connection is kept alive until terminated by either the client or the server. The HTTP protocol is a unidirectional protocol that works on top of TCP protocol which is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol, we can create the connection by using HTTP request methods after getting the response HTTP connection get closed. Almost all the real-time applications like (trading, monitoring, notification) services use WebSocket to receive the data on a single communication channel. Simple RESTful application uses HTTP protocol which is stateless. All the frequently updated applications used WebSocket because it is faster than HTTP Connection. It is used when we do not want to retain a connection for a particular amount of time or reuse the connection for transmitting data; An HTTP connection is slower than WebSockets.

Many companies are opting to streamline their IT infrastructure through virtualization, with VMware being a notable option among the various solutions on the market. However, Broadcom's acquisition of VMware in 2023 has resulted in higher costs, prompting IT system directors to consider whether alternatives are feasible. One emerging option is the German software provider Proxmox. Our aim is to compare these two tools objectively, allowing you to make the best decision for your business. proxmox the functionalities Proxmox vs VMware: which virtualisation solution should you choose? Introducing Proxmox VE Proxmox Virtual Environment (known as “Proxmox VE” or “PVE”) is a virtualisation platform that is open-source  (licensed under AGPLv3) and built on the Linux hypervisor KVM . It also provides a Linux container solution using LXC . Additionally, paid support options are available. Proxmox VE caters to a diverse range of virtualisation requirements, from small development and testing setups to extensive production deployments in data centres. Its primary benefit is its user-friendliness compared to other hypervisors. Introducing VMware VMware vSphere is a comprehensive virtualization platform based on proprietary technology, featuring the ESXi Type 1 hypervisor and the vCenter Server management system . VMware utilizes ESXi for high-performance virtualization directly on physical hardware. One of its greatest benefits is the integration of automation and artificial intelligence tools within a robust virtual environment to support large-scale operations. It is an advanced virtualization solution equipped with a suite of enterprise-level tools like vMotion for live migration, Distributed Resource Scheduler for workload balancing, and vSAN for software-defined storage. vmware the functionalities Comparison of features found in Proxmox VE and VMware Storage options Here are the details: Functionality Proxmox VE VMware vSphere Software-defined storage (SDS) Ceph VMware vSAN File systems ZFS, CephFS, POSIX file systems VMFS Storage protocols iSCSI, FC, NVMe-oF, NFS iSCSI, FC, NVMe-oF, NFS Backups and georeplication Not by default Not by default Snapshots and cloning Support for ZFS Supported Scalability options for storage Upgrade by adding disks or nodes. Flexibility depends on Ceph configuration. Evolve by adding disks or nodes. Performance optimisation Caching, cache tiering Advanced storage performance features with DRS, storage I/O control Deduplication and compression Supported Supported SDS licences Open-source, with optional commercial support Proprietary, subscription-based Proxmox vs VMware: which virtualisation solution should you choose? Additionally, a comprehensive experiment by Blockbridge on VMware and Proxmox storage performance showed that Proxmox excelled in IOPS. In fact, Proxmox VE surpassed VMware ESXi in 56 out of the 57 tests conducted. Proxmox achieved 50% higher peak performance than VMware, while maintaining 30% lower latency and 38% higher bandwidth. This indicates that Proxmox significantly outperforms VMware in storage performance at peak loads, although the difference lessens under normal load conditions. Backup and Restoration VMware and Proxmox VE share many features: They support full VM backup. They allow for instant live backups (snapshots) to capture the state of a VM without disrupting service. They enable configuration of multiple storage locations and retention policies to manage backup lifecycles. They offer graphical user interfaces (GUI) and command line interfaces (CLI), allowing for manual execution of scheduled tasks and real-time backup status monitoring. They support complete VM restoration from backups, as well as file-level restoration. Despite these similarities, VMware and Proxmox VE differ in their backup management approaches: Proxmox VE integrates its backup functions directly into its open-source platform . Backups can be scheduled and executed via the pvescheduler. Proxmox Backup Server offers incremental and live restore functionalities. While VMware provides native backup capabilities, with vSphere Replication technology for quick, automated recovery in multi-site environments, it heavily relies on third-party solutions for advanced backup management . Tools like Veeam, Commvault, and Veritas offer additional features such as flexible backup scheduling, advanced retention policy management, file restore, application object restore, and even instant VM restore. Veeam has announced that it will support Proxmox VE starting in the third quarter of 2024. It will offer immutable backups for VMs and also enable restoration of VMs from other platforms, such as VMware vSphere and Microsoft Hyper-V, to Proxmox VE. Security and Updates Security Proxmox VE and VMware provide several integrated security features to safeguard virtualized environments, including two-factor authentication (2FA) and role-based administration for detailed user permission management. Proxmox VE includes an integrated firewall configurable at the datacenter, node, and VM levels. LXC utilizes Linux security modules like AppArmor or SELinux. VMware offers a more extensive suite of security tools through its NSX platform and other VMware security products (vRealize Log Insight, vSphere Trust Authority, VMware Site Recovery for disaster recovery). The VMware platform can facilitate compliance with standards like LPD, RGPD, or HIPAA due to its enterprise-oriented features. Updates With Proxmox VE, updates are managed by the open-source community and are frequently reviewed and released. However, Proxmox users need to be proactive in applying updates and managing system patches, as these tasks are generally manual. With VMware, updates and patches are managed automatically via VMware Update Manager (VUM), requiring minimal manual intervention. In summary: Proxmox vs VMware: which virtualisation solution should you choose? Promox VE vs VMWARE How do they perform? Performance and Scalability VM Performance Hardware Compatibility Proxmox VE can be utilized in both test and production settings with available local hardware (such as desktop PCs and professional servers) without significant investment in new infrastructure, and it supports a range of hardware (including network cards, storage controllers, and other common peripherals). ESXi is mainly targeted at enterprise server environments and adheres to a strict Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) , meaning only specific hardware and configurations are officially supported, ensuring optimal performance and stability. Hypervisor Speed KVM is generally recognized for faster application execution compared to other hypervisors, according to the SPECvirt-sc2013 benchmark. It typically outpaces ESXi in creating and running servers. However, the speed difference is not very significant in typical workloads. Solution Scalability Proxmox VE can operate on a broad range of hardware. To establish a high-availability (HA) cluster, at least three nodes are necessary. However, Proxmox lacks hot migration and high availability features as advanced as those offered by VMware ESXi . Conversely, VMware ESXi is well-known for its high scalability and advanced high-availability functionalities, featuring tools like vMotion for hot virtual machine migration, vSphere HA for automatic fault tolerance, and Distributed Resource Scheduler for resource optimization. The minimum HA cluster setup with VMware requires at least two nodes. Now, let's address the key issue: the budget. Cost and Licensing for Proxmox and VMware Proxmox Licensing Model A major benefit of Proxmox VE is the reduction in implementation and operational expenses. Its open-source model means no mandatory license fees . Additionally, Proxmox VE offers a free version of the software, along with subscriptions starting at around a hundred euros annually for advanced features and user support. VMware Licensing Model Since the Broadcom acquisition, two significant changes have occurred: firstly, the free ESXi version is no longer available . Secondly, VMware is transitioning from a perpetual license model to a subscription model for new customers. Existing perpetual license holders will retain their licenses, and VMware will provide active support for the duration of their contracts. Offers are now organized into packages , the four main ones being: Cloud Foundation, a comprehensive solution integrating several VMware technologies to create a unified hybrid cloud infrastructure, combining server, storage, and network virtualization; vSphere Foundation, less comprehensive than VMware Cloud Foundation, but providing essential virtualization tools (centralized management and server virtualization); vSphere Standard, the basic virtualization solution, offering essential functionality and including vCenter for centralized management; vSphere Essentials Plus, tailored for small businesses with a bundled license, includes necessary features for managing a small-scale virtual infrastructure. Cost Comparison Proxmox’s open-source model offers substantial savings on licensing costs , especially for those not requiring commercial support. However, skilled professionals are needed to manage updates, which must be done manually, and you may need a dedicated budget if outsourcing this task. VMware is generally more costly, especially for large enterprises needing advanced features and professional support . Transitioning to a subscription model can also affect costs, depending on the specific needs of the organization. Let's now explore their ergonomics. Simple to use and set up Proxmox VE user interface The user-friendly web interface  allows for easy management of virtual machines, containers, storage, and networks without needing extra software. Additionally, Proxmox VE offers role-based management, allowing for secure task delegation. Vmware interface VMware User Interface VMware boasts a more extensive ecosystem and employs vCenter Server as a centralized management tool for all virtual machines. The interface is crafted to manage and oversee the entire virtual infrastructure, offering advanced capabilities for automation, resource management, and performance analysis. It is also more intricate. Installation process Proxmox VE is less resource-intensive than ESXi : it can operate on an x86 processor with hardware virtualization support (Intel VT-x/AMD-V). The minimum requirements include 2 CPU cores, 2 GB RAM, and 16 GB of disk space. To install, download the Proxmox VE ISO from the official website. After installation, the system will reboot, allowing you to access the Proxmox web interface to finalize the configuration. For VMware ESXi, it requires 2 CPU cores, a 64-bit processor with hardware virtualization support, at least 8 GB RAM, and 5 GB of disk space just for installation. Additional resources are needed for VM data, logs, and production environments (4 CPU cores, 32 GB RAM, and more disk space). The installation process mirrors that of Proxmox VE. However, the default installation is likely inadequate : to ensure the system meets your requirements, additional components or virtual network configurations may be necessary. Let’s discuss user support. Support and community Support for Proxmox VE Support services are available through a subscription (standard or premium). The Proxmox customer portal allows you to create and manage support tickets. Comprehensive documentation is freely accessible online via the official website. It covers a wide array of topics and includes tutorials on advanced features. It’s free, but a paid support subscription provides access to additional resources. Support for VMware VMware is distinguished by its enterprise-level support offerings , which include robust SLAs, direct technical assistance, and extensive documentation , available online for free. It covers not only ESXi and vSphere products but also integration with other VMware solutions such as NSX, vSAN, and vRealize. VMware also offers a broader range of paid support options, including training courses. Community activities and resources As might be expected, the dynamics of the Proxmox and VMware communities vary due to their business models . Proxmox, being an open-source project, encourages a very active and dedicated community. Users frequently participate in forums, contribute to the source code, and are highly responsive. Numerous guides, wikis, and video tutorials are created and shared by the community, including troubleshooting solutions, enhancing the unofficial support available to users. Although VMware is proprietary software, it has a large professional user base that forms an active community, notably through VMware community forums and events like VMworld. VMware organizes numerous events and conferences, fostering community involvement. Qim info will assist you in choosing between Proxmox and VMware and deploying the selected solution. Qim info provides optimal support for your business in three key areas: Collaboration and transparency : We collaborate to enhance team coordination by offering tailored processes and tools. We bring teams together around a shared vision to facilitate informed decision-making. Personalized approach : Your choice is unique to your company. Our experts work closely with you to understand your specific needs and challenges, enabling us to implement the most suitable solution. Multi-disciplinary expertise : With 20 years of experience, we have developed a wide range of skills across all areas of IT. Whether you choose delegation or project mode with a dedicated team, we have the ideal solution for you. Proxmox Vs VMWARE In summary, there isn't one perfect choice, and selecting between Proxmox VE and VMware relies on three key factors: The specific needs of your company, Your budget, Your support requirements. Our Cloud & DevOps Solutions team is ready to assist you. 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Introduction The origins of trunk networks date back to the era of analog telephone systems, when multiple users shared the limited communication paths extending from a central trunk line. These trunks typically link switching centers within a communications system and may consist of several wires, cables, or bundled fiber optics. This legacy persists in contemporary data networks, where trunks are employed to transmit data from multiple local area networks or VLANs through a single interconnect between network switches or routers. Link aggregation is vital in modern trunk networks, combining multiple network connections to enhance bandwidth and ensure redundancy. Key Differences between a Trunk port and Access Ports The trunking concept extends beyond data networks, serving as a fundamental architectural component in broadcasting and telephony, enabling efficient resource utilization and supporting long-distance and international communications. For example, a SIP trunk connects an unlimited number of channels to a PBX system via the internet, transforming enterprise telephony. Network devices play a crucial role in managing and optimizing these trunk networks, guaranteeing smooth data flow and connectivity. Grasping the historical and technical context of trunk networks allows for an appreciation of their essential role in today’s network infrastructure. Key Differences between a Trunk port and Access Ports A "trunk port" on a network switch can carry traffic for multiple VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) by using tagging to identify which VLAN each packet belongs to, while an "access port" can only handle traffic for a single VLAN, making it ideal for connecting individual devices like computers directly to the network; essentially, trunk ports are used to connect switches together to route traffic between different VLANs, while access ports connect end-user devices to a specific VLAN.        Key Differences between a Trunk port and Access Ports         Key differences:       VLAN handling: Trunk ports can carry traffic from multiple VLANs, while access ports can only handle traffic from one VLAN. Tagging: Trunk ports use VLAN tagging to differentiate traffic from different VLANs, while access ports do not require tagging as they only handle one VLAN. Connectivity: Trunk ports are typically used to connect switches together, while access ports connect end-user devices like computers to the network.  Key Differences between a Trunk port and Access Ports       Key Differences between a Trunk port and Access Ports  Example:       Access port: A switch port connected to a desktop computer would be configured as an access port because the computer only needs to access one VLAN. Trunk port: A switch port connecting to another switch would be configured as a trunk port to allow traffic from multiple VLANs to be carried between the switches A trunk network transmits multiple signals via a single pathway, crucial for handling extensive networks. This article explores trunk networks, their function in linking switching centers, enabling inter-VLAN routing, their distinction from access ports, and their significance. Learn about the advantages of trunking and its role in efficient network management. Key Takeaways  Trunk ports are capable of managing traffic from several VLANs by using tagging techniques such as IEEE 802.1Q, while access ports are assigned to a single VLAN without utilizing tags.  Trunking improves network efficiency by integrating multiple VLANs onto one physical link, minimizing the need for multiple separate connections and enhancing data flow and management.  The main advantages of trunking include optimized bandwidth usage, redundancy and reliability through failover mechanisms, and enhanced network segmentation for superior performance and security. Trunk ports are capable of managing traffic from several VLANs by using tagging techniques such as IEEE 802.1Q, while access ports are assigned to a single VLAN without utilizing tags. Trunking improves network efficiency by integrating multiple VLANs onto one physical link, minimizing the need for multiple separate connections and enhancing data flow and management. The main advantages of trunking include optimized bandwidth usage, redundancy and reliability through failover mechanisms, and enhanced network segmentation for superior performance and security. Trunk Network Explained: Key Differences Between Trunk and Access Ports A trunk network, serving as a vital communication link between two points, is designed to carry multiple signals simultaneously. It provides network access and ensures seamless data transmission. Central to this configuration are trunk ports, which facilitate data flow across a network node for multiple virtual local area networks or VLANs. Trunking allows network devices to transmit multiple VLANs through a single physical channel, effectively merging VLAN traffic onto a shared infrastructure. Key Differences between a Trunk port and Access Ports In contrast, access ports handle traffic for a single VLAN. While a trunk port can manage data flow for multiple VLANs using identification methods like 802.1Q or ISL, an access port is dedicated to one VLAN. This distinction is essential for network administrators to grasp, as it directly affects how data networks are organized and managed. The difference between trunk and access ports is similar to comparing a multi-lane highway to a single-lane road. Trunk ports are built to manage the substantial load of multiple VLANs, efficiently routing traffic between nodes, whereas access ports concentrate on handling the traffic of a specific VLAN, ensuring a streamlined and secure connection for end-user devices. Understanding Trunk Networks A trunk network, when functioning in trunk mode, is specifically designed to: Manage the concurrent transmission of multiple signals Facilitate network connectivity between two specified points Consolidate VLAN traffic onto a shared infrastructure, thereby enhancing network efficiency and management Optimize the utilization of physical channels and simplify the network architecture by managing traffic for multiple VLANs The power of trunk networks lies in their ability to enhance overall network performance. Trunking permits multiple VLANs to utilize a single physical connection, minimizing the necessity for numerous separate links. This leads to more efficient data traffic and simplified network management. This consolidation goes beyond efficiency; it is crucial for network segmentation and security, as it allows the formation of multiple logical networks from one physical network. Types of Trunking in Networking Networking trunking primarily falls into three categories: Port Trunking, VLAN Trunking, and IP Trunking. Each of these types serves a unique purpose and is essential for different network configurations and requirements. Port Trunking Port Trunking, also known as link aggregation or Ethernet bonding, aggregates multiple physical links to create a single, higher-capacity, more reliable logical link. This method enhances network redundancy by combining multiple Ethernet links to function as one, effectively increasing overall bandwidth and reliability, while avoiding the limitations of using the same physical link. Port Trunking, by amalgamating multiple physical links, optimizes bandwidth and guarantees a stable connection for efficient data traffic flow within the same IP network. VLAN Trunking VLAN Trunking enables network switches to transmit packets from various VLANs over a single trunk link using protocols such as Inter-Switch Link (ISL) and IEEE 802.1Q, managed through switching centers. By appending a header to the Ethernet frame, which includes VLAN and quality of service details, VLAN Trunking ensures that data packets are accurately directed to their target destinations. This frame tagging with VLAN information is essential for preserving the integrity and efficiency of VLAN traffic throughout the network. Using VLAN Trunking provides numerous advantages, such as:  Reducing network load by stopping broadcasts in one VLAN from affecting other VLANs  Separating traffic to boost the network’s overall performance  Enabling network administrators to handle multiple VLANs via a single trunk link  Streamlining the network infrastructure and improving its scalability IP Trunking IP Trunking integrates voice and data traffic on a single IP network, utilizing protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and H.323. This approach is commonly employed in enterprise telephony to shift from conventional time-division multiplexing trunks to SIP trunks, allowing for VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) connections. By enabling simultaneous multiple calls and data transfers over the same IP network, IP Trunking offers cost savings and enhances productivity. Trunk Ports vs. Access Ports The main distinction between trunk ports and access ports lies in how they handle VLAN traffic. Trunk ports accommodate multiple VLANs by employing tagging techniques like IEEE 802.1Q, whereas access ports are assigned to a single VLAN and do not utilize tags. This difference is crucial for comprehending data transmission within a network, influencing aspects such as bandwidth usage and security. What are Trunk Ports? A trunk port is intended to:  Send data from various VLANs by using tags to route signals to the appropriate endpoints  Link switches or routers, allowing for the concurrent management of traffic from different VLANs and network devices  Support IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation, which appends a tag to the Ethernet frame to denote its VLAN on the same physical link  Function at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, ensuring smooth data flow and VLAN management. Trunk ports offer numerous advantages:  They support multiple VLANs, facilitating network infrastructure consolidation and reducing the need for numerous physical connections.  They make network management easier.  They are vital for larger networks where effective traffic management and bandwidth optimization are important. What are Access Ports? Conversely, an access port is dedicated to transmitting and receiving data from a particular VLAN, ensuring that traffic is confined to that specific VLAN. Access ports are linked to one VLAN and handle untagged frames with the access VLAN identifier, making them suitable for connecting end-user devices such as laptops, printers, and computers to the network. This straightforward configuration boosts security and simplifies troubleshooting, as each access port is associated with only one VLAN. Access ports possess the following characteristics:  They lack support for VLAN tagging  They are unable to manage traffic across multiple VLANs  Their main function is to offer network access to end devices  They keep frames within the same VLAN without tagging, ensuring a simple and secure connection. Key Differences The primary differences between trunk ports and access ports lie in their VLAN management and connectivity. Trunk ports accommodate multiple VLANs with tagging, ensuring that VLAN signals stay correctly separated and reach their target destinations. Conversely, access ports manage traffic for a single VLAN without tags, which makes them ideal for linking end devices to the network. Moreover, trunk ports provide greater bandwidth and reduced latency compared to access ports, making them crucial for handling larger amounts of data traffic. Role of VLAN Tagging in Trunk Networks In trunk networks, VLAN tagging is an essential process that ensures data frames are correctly routed to their intended VLANs. This is achieved through protocols like IEEE 802.1Q and ISL, which attach specific tags to Ethernet frames. For example, the IEEE 802.1Q standard appends a 4-byte tag to the frame, indicating its VLAN and recalculates the frame check sequence before transmitting it over the trunk link. This tagging method supports up to 4,096 VLANs, offering considerable scalability for extensive networks. VLAN tagging greatly reduces network load by preventing broadcasts in one segment from reaching others, thereby isolating traffic and enhancing overall network performance. This is especially crucial in environments with multiple VLANs, where efficient traffic management is essential to maintain network integrity and performance. Inter-Switch Link (ISL), a Cisco proprietary protocol, is also essential in VLAN tagging and inter-VLAN routing. ISL encapsulates Ethernet frames with a 26-byte header, supporting up to 1,005 VLANs. Both IEEE 802.1Q and ISL are utilized in trunk ports to manage multiple VLANs, ensuring correct frame routing and maintaining network efficiency. Significance of Trunking in Network Infrastructure Trunking, a crucial component of contemporary network infrastructure, offers numerous advantages that enhance network efficiency, reliability, and segmentation. Key benefits of trunking include:  Minimizing the number of physical connections required  Combining multiple physical links into one logical link  Maximizing resource utilization  Streamlining traffic flow between VLANs  Facilitating more effective management of large-scale networks  Offering a robust and scalable solution for network administrators These advantages make trunking a vital tool for optimizing network performance and ensuring seamless communication across various network segments. Improving Network Efficiency Trunking improves network efficiency by:  Optimizing bandwidth usage  Minimizing congestion through effective ethernet frame management  Combining multiple network connections into a single link, including VLAN traffic  Facilitating smooth and efficient data flow across the network This feature is especially advantageous in high data traffic environments, as it lowers congestion risk and ensures peak performance. Furthermore, trunking's inherent load balancing automatically directs data to the next available port, further boosting network efficiency. Guaranteeing Redundancy and Reliability A major benefit of trunking is its capability to provide redundancy and reliability within a network by using multiple physical links. Trunk mode allows for the multiplication of trunked links between subnetworks to guard against port or cable failures, offering a failover mechanism that boosts network resilience. Protocols like LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) enable load balancing across trunked links, ensuring traffic is evenly distributed and rerouted in the event of a link failure. This redundancy is vital for maintaining uninterrupted network operations, especially in mission-critical environments where reliability is crucial. Supporting Network Segmentation Trunking is essential for facilitating network segmentation, which is key for effective network management and security. By supporting VLANs, trunking enables network administrators to:  Divide a LAN into smaller, more manageable segments  Transmit multiple VLANs over trunk links  Isolate and manage data traffic for various network segments  Reduce the broadcast domain and network load This segmentation enhances security by isolating sensitive data and improves overall network performance by minimizing unnecessary traffic. Configuring Trunk Ports and Access Ports For network administrators, configuring trunk and access ports is a key task that guarantees efficient management of data traffic across the network. Both types of ports can be configured through the CLI (Command Line Interface) or a web-based utility of a network switch. Correctly setting up these ports is essential for optimal network performance, as it ensures that data is routed appropriately and VLAN traffic is handled correctly. Setting Up Trunk Ports When configuring a trunk port, network administrators utilize specific commands within the context of interface configuration. For instance, the command switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q is used to set the encapsulation type, followed by switchport mode trunk to configure the port as a trunk. Additionally, the switchport trunk allowed vlan command allows administrators to specify which VLANs are permitted to use the trunk port. This setup ensures that the trunk port can handle traffic from multiple VLANs, maintaining efficient data flow and network segmentation. Properly setting up trunk ports involves a series of command sequences that are executed within the network switch’s interface. For example, entering the command interface fastEthernet followed by switchport mode trunk configures the specified interface as a trunk port. These configurations are critical for ensuring that the trunk port can carry traffic for multiple VLANs, supporting the overall network infrastructure. Configuring Access Ports Setting up access ports is a straightforward process that involves: Assigning the port to a specific VLAN. Using the command switchport mode access to designate the port as an access port. Using the command switchport access vlan [VLAN_ID] to allocate it to the chosen VLAN. This setup ensures the access port handles traffic for a single VLAN, simplifying network management and enhancing security. Best Practices To maintain optimal network performance, it is essential to regularly verify interface configurations. Commands such as show interfaces [interface] switchport enable administrators to review the operational status and configuration details of an interface. Ensuring proper setup of trunk interfaces involves checking the operational trunking encapsulation and VLAN assignments, which helps maintain efficient data flow and network stability. Common Applications for Trunk Networks In various settings, trunk networks are widely employed to facilitate efficient management and segmentation of expansive networks. Within enterprise environments, they ensure smooth connectivity between different VLANs, promoting efficient network management and improved security. This feature is particularly crucial in large organizations where different departments and services need isolated yet interconnected network segments. Data centers heavily depend on trunk networks to:  Combine multiple physical links into a single, higher-capacity link, boosting reliability and capacity  Link multiple switches through inter-switch links, allowing high-speed data transfer and efficient handling of large traffic volumes  Handle the demanding data traffic needs of modern applications and services, ensuring strong network access This configuration ensures that data centers can effectively function and meet the requirements of today’s digital environment. In telecommunications and broadcasting, trunk networks are essential for connecting switching centers and enabling the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals. For example, IP trunking connects switching network nodes such as PBXs and central offices, facilitating efficient communication across extensive networks. In broadcasting, trunk networks consolidate frequencies and dynamically allocate channels, enhancing the efficiency of radio spectrum usage and boosting communication capabilities. Summary Grasping the fundamental differences between trunk and access ports is vital for optimizing network infrastructure. Trunk ports, capable of managing multiple VLANs through tagging, are essential for maintaining efficient and scalable networks. Conversely, access ports, which are dedicated to single VLAN traffic, offer a straightforward and secure connection for end-user devices. Both port types are crucial in network management, ensuring data traffic is handled efficiently and securely. In conclusion, trunk networks are foundational to modern network infrastructure, providing benefits like improved efficiency, redundancy, and segmentation. By mastering the configuration and management of trunk and access ports, network administrators can ensure robust and reliable network performance. Embracing these concepts will lead to more efficient and scalable network solutions, ultimately supporting the growth and success of any organization.

Virtualbox vs VMware: Direct Comparison Introduction Virtualization has become standard for testing software and operating systems, used by everyone from hobbyists to developers. Server virtualization enables multiple operating systems to run on the same physical hardware, reducing the need for physical dedicated servers. A hypervisor creates the virtualization layer that separates the guest machine from the underlying operating system, emulating resources so guest operating systems believe they are using all physical resources. They are unaware of the host OS or other VMs sharing the same resources. There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 bare metal hypervisors, installed directly on the physical server. Type 2 (hosted) hypervisors, installed on top of the host operating system. While type 1 is better suited for large production environments, hosted hypervisors are used for VMs on personal computers. The most popular type 2 hypervisor software are VirtualBox and VMware. This tutorial will teach you the differences between VirtualBox and VMware. What is VirtualBox? VirtualBox is Oracle's virtualization software for x86 and AMD64/Intel64 architectures. It is a free, open-source product, distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2. The software allows virtual machines to run on your host operating system and enables a managed connection between the VMs and the host if necessary. VirtualBox can be run on Linux, Windows, Mac OS, and Oracle Solaris. In 2010, Oracle released the VirtualBox Extension Pack, a closed-source package with additional features, including support for USB2/USB3 and RDP. What is VMware? VMware offers a variety of virtualization products. VMware Workstation Player is a complimentary x64 virtualization software intended for non-commercial use. The company emphasizes that this free version is designed for students and educators. For commercial use of the Player, a commercial license for Workstation Player must be purchased. This software is utilized for creating and managing virtual machines, although it is most effective when operating a single VM. The free virtualization software can be installed on hosts running Linux or Windows operating systems. For more feature-rich virtualization software suitable for larger-scale projects, consider exploring Workstation Pro. VirtualBox Vs. VMware: Comparison Table Comparison VirtualBox VMware Software Virtualization Yes No Hardware Virtualization Yes Yes Host Operating Systems Linux, Windows, Solaris, macOS, FreeBSD Linux, Windows + macOS (requires VMware Fusion) Guest Operating Systems Linux, Windows, Solaris, macOS, FreeBSD Linux, Windows, Solaris, FreeBSD + macOS (with VMware Fusion) User Interface Graphical User Interface (GLI) and Command Line Interface (CLI) Graphical User Interface (GLI) and Command Line Interface (CLI) Snapshots Yes Snapshots only supported on paid virtualization products, not on VMware Workstation Player Virtual Disk Format VDI, VMDK, VHD, HDD VMDK Virtual Disk Allocation Type Preallocated: fixed disks;   Dynamically allocated: dynamically allocated disks; Preallocated: provisioned disks;   Dynamically allocated: thin provisioned disks; Virtual Network Models Not attached, NAT, NAT Network, Bridged adapter, Internal network, Host-only adapter, Generic (UDP, VDE) NAT, Bridged, Host-only + Virtual network editor (on VMware workstation and Fusion Pro) USB Devices Support USB 2.0/3.0 support requires the Extension Pack (free) Out of the box USB device support 3D Graphics Up to OpenGL 3.0 and Direct3D 9;   Max of 128 MB of video memory; 3D acceleration enabled manually Up to OpenGL 3.3, DirectX 10;   Max of 2GB of video memory; 3D acceleration enabled by default Integrations VMDK, Microsoft’s VHD, HDD, QED, Vagrant, Docker Requires additional conversion utility for more VM types;   VMware VSphere and Cloud Air (on VMware Workstation) VirtualBox Guest Additions vs. VMware Tools Installed with the VBoxGuestAdditions.iso file Install with a .iso file used for the given VM (linux.iso, windows.iso, etc.) API for Developers API and SDK Different APIs and SDKs Cost and Licenses Free, under the GNU General Public License VMware Workstation Player is free, while other VMware products require a paid license Software and Hardware Virtualization VirtualBox supports software virtualization, whereas VMware does not. Software virtualization involves emulating a complete computer system, enabling the execution of guest systems on top of it. This approach allows for running virtual machines that utilize a different platform than the host. However, it typically results in reduced performance compared to hardware virtualization. Both VirtualBox and VMware support hardware virtualization. Hardware virtualization involves emulating hardware devices from the host. By executing code directly on the hardware, it significantly enhances virtual machine performance. To leverage hardware virtualization: The host machine must be equipped with Intel VT-x or AMD-V CPU features. Hardware virtualization must be enabled in UEFI/BIOS. Only guests using the same platform as the host can be run. Operating Systems The choice between the two virtualization platforms may depend on your host OS . VirtualBox is compatible with a wide range of operating systems, while VMware has certain limitations. VirtualBox can be installed on Linux , Windows , Solaris , macOS , and FreeBSD . VMware Player and VMware Workstation operate on Linux and Windows . For macOS , VMware Fusion/Fusion Pro is required. Both options support most guest operating systems , including Linux, Windows, Solaris, macOS, and FreeBSD . The primary distinction is that VMware necessitates VMware Fusion/Fusion Pro to run macOS virtual machines. User Interface (UI) VirtualBox offers a graphical user interface (GUI) and a command line interface (CLI) known as VBoxManage. The CLI enables virtual machine management through the host command line, providing a broader range of features. vmware vs virtual box VMware offers both a graphical user interface and a command line interface ( vmware ). The VMware Workstation provides a more comprehensive set of UI features than the more basic VMware Player GUI. vmware vs virtual box Snapshots Snapshots enable you to preserve the state of a virtual machine and restore it at a later time. When a snapshot is taken, a copy of the VM disk file (VMDK) is saved. Multiple snapshots can be created for a virtual machine whether it is running, paused, or powered off. Although there is no official limit on the number of snapshots, excessive use may degrade VM performance. It is possible to create numerous snapshots of the same virtual machine, each with its own differencing virtual disk. This capability is particularly useful for testing, as it allows easy reversion to a specific state. VirtualBox supports snapshots, whereas VMware offers this feature only in its paid virtualization products, not in the free VMware Player. Virtual Disk Similar to other hardware, virtual disks that contain VM data can be emulated. Format Virtualization platforms may vary based on the virtual disk format they support. VirtualBox supports: Virtual Disk Image (VDI) – used by default Virtual Machine DisK (VMDK) – developed by VMware Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) – developed by Microsoft Conversely, VMware supports: Virtual Machine DisK (VMDK) Thus, VirtualBox offers greater versatility in terms of disk format. Allocation Type Virtual disks can be pre-allocated or dynamically allocated . When a virtual disk is pre-allocated , a specific amount of storage is reserved for the VM, which cannot be used by the host or other guest machines. Dynamically allocated virtual disks do not initially occupy a fixed amount of space. They expand as needed, up to their designated maximum size. VirtualBox supports both pre-allocated (referred to as fixed ) and dynamically allocated (referred to as allocated ) virtual disks. VMware also supports pre-allocated (known as thick provisioned ) and dynamically allocated (referred to as thin provisioned). Vmware vs virtual box Virtual Network Modes Each network adapter for your virtual machine can be configured individually to operate in the desired network mode. VirtualBox offers the following network modes: Not attached Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT Network Bridged networking Internal networking Host-only networking Generic networking UDP Tunnel Virtual Distributed Ethernet (VDE) For a comprehensive overview of each network mode, please consult Oracle’s official VirtualBox manual. VMware supports: Network Address Translation (NAT) Host-only networking Virtual network editor (available on VMware Workstation and Fusion Pro) USB Devices Support USB devices can be connected to a guest machine by attaching them to the host. Both VirtualBox and VMware support USB devices. VirtualBox supports USB 1.0, and requires the installation of the VirtualBox Extension Pack for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 support. VMware allows the use of up to two USB devices, with the USB port enabled by default. Support for USB 2.0 and 3.0 largely depends on the host machine. 3D Graphics VirtualBox requires manual activation of 3D acceleration on the virtual machine for 3D graphics support, with capabilities up to OpenGL 3.0 and Direct3D 9. Video memory is limited to 128 MB. VMware excels in 3D graphics support, offering DirectX 10 and OpenGL 3.3 support across all products, with up to 2 GB of video memory. Integrations In addition to various virtual disk formats (VMDK, VHD, HDD, and QED), VirtualBox provides integration tools such as Vagrant and Docker. VMware does not support as many disk formats. Running virtual machines in formats other than VMware’s VMDK requires an additional conversion utility. VMware integrates with VMware vSphere and Cloud Air, but only for VMware Workstation. VirtualBox Guest Additions and VMware Tools Enhance the performance of VirtualBox VMs by installing Guest Additions , which include device drivers and system applications installed within the VM. Install VirtualBox Guest Additions using the VBoxGuestAdditions.iso file on any guest operating system. Each VirtualBox version has a corresponding Guest Additions version. Features include seamless windows, shared folders, mouse pointer integration, shared clipboard, time synchronization, and more. VMware offers VMware Tools for improving guest operating systems. Unlike Guest Additions, VMware Tools have separate ISO images for each supported OS (linux.iso, windows.iso, solaris.iso, etc.) stored in the application directory. Without this utility, VM performance lacks features such as high video resolution, display of network speed, copy-paste, and drag-and-drop options. API for Developers To develop applications that interact with virtual machines, both platforms offer APIs and SDKs. Additionally, VMware Workstation provides features like the Eclipse plugin and VMware Studio. Cost and Licenses VirtualBox is a free, open-source virtualization software available under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2, suitable for personal, educational, or commercial use without additional fees. The Extension Pack is also free. VMware offers several virtualization products: VMware Player is free for personal and educational use. A $149.99 license is required for commercial use. VMware Workstation Pro is designed for large-scale businesses and projects, with a licensing fee of $199.00. VMware Fusion (for macOS hosts) has a one-time licensing fee of $159.99. vmware vs virtual box prices Selection Criteria The primary distinction between the two platforms lies in their licensing terms: VirtualBox is available free of charge and is open-source. VMware is complimentary for personal use only. However, the free version intended for personal and educational purposes offers limited functionality, such as the absence of support for clones and snapshots. If performance is a crucial consideration for your specific needs, purchasing a VMware license would be a more prudent decision. VMware’s virtual machines exhibit superior performance compared to those of VirtualBox. Although this difference may be less apparent on a smaller scale, it significantly affects performance in enterprise-level projects. Your choice should be guided by the specific requirements of your virtual machines. For example, do you prioritize a wider range of virtual disk format options or enhanced 3D graphics? Each option has its advantages and disadvantages, necessitating a careful evaluation of individual features. Based on their attributes, we recommend the following virtualization platforms for the respective use cases: For those seeking a cost-free solution, consider: VirtualBox For educational applications, consider: VirtualBox VMware Workstation Player For smaller projects, consider: VirtualBox For mid-sized projects, consider: VirtualBox VMware Workstation Pro For large-scale projects, consider: VMware Workstation Pro For enterprises prioritizing high performance, consider: VMware ESXi Conclusion This article offered an in-depth comparison of VirtualBox and VMware, two top virtualization platforms. Consider all pertinent factors to make a choice that aligns with your particular needs.

How does Network Address Translator work? how does NAT work? What Is NAT? NAT, which stands for network address translation, is a technique that allows multiple private addresses in a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address before data is sent to the internet. This method is used by organizations and most home routers to enable several devices to share one IP address. If you're accessing the internet from home, your cable modem or DSL router is probably using NAT for your network. Network Address Translation (NAT) operates by converting private IP addresses within a local network into a single public IP address for internet communication. This process enables multiple devices on a private network to access the internet using just one public IP address, thereby conserving IP addresses and providing an additional security layer by concealing internal network details from external entities. The translation typically occurs on a router functioning as a gateway between the private network and the public internet, where it modifies the source IP address of outgoing packets and reverses the process for incoming traffic.      How does Network Address Translator work? How Does NAT Work? Consider a scenario where a laptop is connected to a home network utilizing NAT. This network is ultimately linked to a router that connects to the internet. Imagine someone using this laptop to search for directions to their favorite restaurant. The laptop operates under NAT, sending the request in an IP packet to the router, which then forwards the request to the internet and the search service being used. Before the request exits the home network, the router converts the internal IP address from a private local IP address to a public IP address. Essentially, your router translates the private address into one that is internet-compatible and then back again. This demonstrates that your cable modem or DSL router has an automated translation function within it. If the packet retains a private address, the receiving server will be unable to determine where to send the response. This is because a private IP address cannot be routed on the internet. Should your router attempt this, all internet routers are programmed to automatically discard private IP addresses. Fortunately, all routers available today for home and small office use can efficiently translate between private IP addresses and publicly-routed IP addresses.             Key Points about NAT: Function: NAT serves as a translator, converting private IP addresses used within a local network into a public IP address that is accessible on the internet. Implementation: Typically implemented on a router, NAT intercepts data packets and modifies the source IP address before forwarding them to the internet. Security Benefit: By concealing the internal network behind a single public IP, NAT enhances protection against unauthorized internet access. Address Conservation: NAT enables multiple devices to share a single public IP address, which is essential due to the limited availability of IPv4 addresses.        NAT Types There are three distinct types of NATs utilized by individuals and organizations for various purposes, yet they all function as NATs. Static NAT This type of NAT consistently maps a local address to the same public address, ensuring a stable public IP address is associated with the router or NAT device. Dynamic NAT Dynamic NAT selects from a pool of public IP addresses rather than using the same one each time. Consequently, the router or NAT device receives a different public address whenever it translates a local address. PAT PAT, or port address translation, is a form of dynamic NAT. It associates multiple local IP addresses with a single public address. Organizations often employ PAT to consolidate all employee activity under one IP address, typically managed by a network administrator.           Why Use NAT? NAT is a simple process, with most commercial routing equipment automatically implementing it or enabling it with a single click. Let's delve deeper into NAT’s role in IP conservation and its limited security functions. IP Conservation IP addresses uniquely identify each device connected to the internet. IPv4, the current version, uses 32-bit numbered IP addresses, offering 4 billion possible addresses—considered ample when introduced in the 1970s. However, the internet's growth has been exponential. While not all 7 billion people globally access the internet frequently, those who do often own multiple connected devices such as phones, desktops, laptops, tablets, TVs, and even smart appliances. As a result, the number of internet-connected devices exceeds the available IP addresses. NAT facilitates the consolidation of multiple private IP addresses into a single public IP address, thereby conserving public IP addresses despite the proliferation of private ones. IPv6: More Addresses and Routing Efficiency IPv6 was officially launched on June 6, 2012, after decades of development, primarily to address the demand for more IP addresses, a demand traditional NAT struggled to meet. IPv6 employs 128-bit numbered IP addresses, providing exponentially more potential IP addresses than IPv4. While the transition to IPv6 will take years, NAT for IPv4 addresses remains prevalent. Importantly, IPv6 not only offers a significantly larger address space but also enhances routing efficiency, reducing the processing burden on routers compared to IPv4.           Understanding the Practical Functionality of NAT: Outgoing Traffic: When a device within the local network transmits data to an external server, the router, functioning as a NAT, substitutes the device's private IP address with its own public IP address before forwarding the packet to the internet. Incoming Traffic: Upon receiving a response from the internet, the router utilizes the information stored in its translation table to accurately identify the appropriate device on the local network and deliver the data to it, once again replacing the public IP address with the original private IP address. What is a network address translation? What is a Network Address Translation? What is a network address translator What is a network address translator? NAT

Differences between class i class ii Class iii microbiological safety Flow Cabinets for data recovery and disease control Class I, II,& III Bio safety cabinets Differences between class i class ii Class iii microbiological safety Flow Cabinets for data recovery and disease control Class I microbiological safety cabinet primarily protects the user and environment, while a Class II protects both the user, environment, and the sample being handled, and a Class III cabinet offers the highest level of protection by being completely enclosed and requiring glove manipulation, essentially acting like a gas-tight glove box, best suited for handling highly hazardous biological agents; making Class I the least protective and Class III the most protective.     There are three classes of BSCs: Class I, II and III. While all three classes afford personnel and environmental protection, only Class II and III cabinets provide product protection . Class I BSCs are suitable for work involving low to moderate-risk agents.        Differences between class i class ii Class iii microbiological safety Flow Cabinets for data recovery and disease control  Key differences:      Protection level: Class I protects only the user and environment, Class II protects the user, environment, and sample, and Class III protects the user, environment, and sample with the highest level of containment.  Airflow: Class I typically has a downward airflow, while Class II can have different airflow patterns depending on the type (A1, A2, etc.). Class III has a completely sealed enclosure with glove ports for manipulation.  Application: Class I is suitable for low-risk biological agents, Class II is used for most standard laboratory work with moderate-risk agents, and Class III is reserved for handling high-risk, Biosafety Level 4 agents Selecting a biological safety cabinet When purchasing a biological safety cabinet, you should consider the type of work that will be conducted in it. Table 1 describes the principal characteristics of all classes and types of BSCs. BSC CLASS/TYPE PRODUCT PROTECTION MINIMUM FACE VELOCITY (FPM) VOLATILE TOXIC CHEMICALS, GASES OR RADIONUCLIDES ALLOWED? Suitable for Data Recovery Extraction of Platters and head swapping I No 75 No Not Suitable a II / A1* Yes 75 No No II / A2 Yes 100 No, unless thimble connected to the HVAC system, then low levels of volatile toxic chemicals allowed Yes can give you and the doner drive some air flow to keep natrual dust particals clear of the heads II / B1 Yes 100 Yes: low levels of volatile toxic chemicals & trace radionuclides II / B2 Yes 100 Yes: volatile toxic chemicals & radionuclides III Yes N / A Yes Yes this is the most suitable Flow Cabinet available as its classification meets the 100 percent clean environment surroundings. Differences between class i class ii Class iii microbiological safety Flow Cabinets for data recovery and disease control Class I, II,& III Bio safety cabinets Biosafety cabinets, also known as biological safety cabinets, are enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace areas designed to protect the user and surrounding environment from pathogens. All exhaust air is HEPA filtered to remove hazardous agents such as viruses and bacteria. Biosafety cabinets are used in many laboratories including clinical and research labs. Biosafety cabinets are divided into three classes: I, II and III. Class I provides protection for the user and surrounding environment, but no protection for the sample being manipulated. Class II provides protection for the user, environment and sample, and is divided into four types: A1, A2, B1 and B2. The main differences are their minimum inflow velocities and exhaust systems. Class III, also known as glove boxes, provides maximum protection; the enclosure is gas-tight, and all materials enter and leave through a dunk tank or double-door autoclave. Choice of cabinet therefor depends on level of protection needed for the laboratory worker and the sample of interest.

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A Guide to Data Recovery? Nerdcore PC Data recovery assists in retrieving files lost as a result of storage corruption, user error, or an outage. Data recovery refers to the process and software involved in regaining access to files that are lost because of storage corruption, user error, or sudden outages by reassembling the remaining parts, reconstructing from the remnants, or utilizing backups. This article outlines the definition of data recovery, its various types, the steps involved in the process, and the leading software options to consider. A Guide to Data Recovery? Nerdcore PC Data recovery involves the process (and the software used) of restoring access to files that have been lost due to storage corruption, user error, or unexpected outages by reconstructing the remaining fragments, rebuilding from what remains, or utilizing backups. In essence, it is the method of retrieving lost, damaged, accidentally deleted, or otherwise inaccessible data to servers, computers, smartphones, or storage devices (or transferring it to a new device if the original device is unusable). Typically, data is retrieved from an off-site backup copy. The more recent the backup version, the better the chances of data recovery in the event of loss or corruption. Data recovery also includes the process of "undeleting" files that a user might have erased by mistake by restoring their system formatting. It also offers specialized data recovery services for damaged drives. Data recovery is necessary in scenarios of data loss due to: Natural disasters, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, and power outages Errors in application software, like logical mistakes in database access User negligence or accidental deletion of data or folders Deterioration or intentional tampering of data (due to malicious or infected software and files) Outdated software lacking security patches Incompatible third-party plugins or applications Considering the impact of data loss, data recovery methods and software solutions are crucial for risk mitigation and maintaining business continuity. A Guide to Data Recovery? Nerdcore PC Types of Data Recovery Data recovery can be categorized into various types: Logical data recovery : This is performed when the data recovery issue affects the computer but not the hard disk itself. This happens when a disk is still operational but some data is missing. Physical data recovery : This occurs when the hard disk has physical damage. There are organizations that specialize in data recovery for physically affected disks. They can help reconstruct faulty firmware so data can be read and transferred. Hard drive recovery : Recovering data from hard drives is perhaps the most common data recovery technique, though it is also the most complex. Users should consult a hard disk recovery service and regularly back up important data. Optical recovery : CDs, DVDs, and other laser-written media are referred to as optical storage. Using data recovery solutions that specialize in optical storage offers the best chance of retrieving lost data from optical media. Instant data recovery : In this recovery method, when data is lost, the user is immediately redirected to a backup server. They have nearly instant access to a snapshot of their workload, while IT handles the full restoration in the background. See More: 5-Step Guide to Business Continuity Planning (BCP) in 2021 Process of Data Recovery If you've experienced file loss or wish to prepare for a future emergency, here are the steps to follow: Complete Guide to Data Recovery Process 1. Stay calm Initially, users need to remain composed and refrain from hastily handling or worsening the problem. The primary step is to ensure that no further changes are made to the storage media where the lost data was located. Also, do not save any data on the compromised drive. If the system (boot) disk, which boots the operating system, is damaged, it is best to simply shut down the computer. All additional preparations for data recovery software should be done on a different computer. 2. Conduct Your Research The following step involves gaining more knowledge about data recovery. There are numerous online resources available to help you understand the data recovery process and what to expect in your particular situation. You can also evaluate the chances of successfully recovering files in various scenarios. 3. Temporarily Disable the Affected Device Upon discovering a data loss incident, stop using any affected devices immediately. In some cases, it is possible to retrieve corrupted or lost files from the hard drive before they are overwritten. However, the risk of overwriting increases if users continue to use the disk. If the data loss resulted from an event like a fire or flood, users should refrain from using the affected equipment until it has been inspected and deemed safe. A Guide to Data Recovery? Nerdcore PC 4. Identify Symptoms When data loss occurs, there are several external signs that indicate a problem. Indicators of data loss from the hard drive include: If your system no longer recognizes the hard drive or if it is listed with an unusual name, the hard drive may be facing issues. The hard drive makes unusual noises, clicks, or operates very slowly. Bad blocks frequently appear on your hard drive. 5. Record the Situation Understanding exactly what caused the data loss is crucial for choosing the best recovery approach. Gathering as much information as possible will also streamline the process and help prevent a similar issue in the future. Have there been recent changes to the IT infrastructure? Is a new employee accessing your data? What symptoms did you observe? This information can aid you or the data recovery specialist later. 6. Select Your Data Recovery Method Once you’ve identified the causes of the data loss, it’s time to start the recovery process. If you have been consistently creating backups, the easiest solution is to restore all data from these backups. If there is no backup system, users should consider disk recovery as an alternative. Disk recovery can be attempted manually by downloading specialized software or by seeking professional help. 7. Consult an Expert After identifying the cause of the data loss and the most efficient recovery method, you may seek help from a data recovery expert. If you have dedicated software installed, the software provider can assist you. While you might attempt data recovery on your own, it is always advisable to consult an expert, especially if you’ve lost a substantial amount of critical data. An unsuccessful recovery attempt might cause more damage, leading to additional costs. 8. Allocate Space for Recovered Data Working with image files (a representation of the storage system and its contents) is preferable to working with physical disks for data retrieval. This protects the data from accidental corruption. This step involves preparing enough storage space for recovered data and images. It is strictly prohibited to attempt to save recovered data on the original disks. 9. Implement Preventive Measures After recovering as much data as possible, it is important to reflect on the lessons learned. Consider the reasons for the loss and take steps to prevent it from reoccurring. If there is a security vulnerability in the network, you may need the assistance of security experts. If environmental factors compromise storage equipment, it might be wise to back up the data remotely. Consider exploring managed IT services if you struggle to protect large volumes of data and complex, diverse file formats. Data Recovery Software Data recovery software is a type of application designed to help retrieve lost, damaged, or inaccessible data from storage devices. Its purpose is to analyze, scan, locate, recover, and back up data from deleted, damaged, or formatted areas or from specified locations on the storage device. In 2021, the global data recovery and backup market, which includes data recovery software, was valued at $10.61 billion. According to the Data Backup and Recovery Market: Global Overview and Forecast (2022-2029) report by Maximize Market Research, this sector's revenue is expected to grow by 10.3% from 2022 to 2029, reaching around $23.24 billion. What is data recovery software? Data recovery software generally has access to the fundamental structure of the disk. It can retrieve data from damaged storage devices or deleted files/folders by analyzing the file architecture records/entries. Besides controlling and accessing file types and structures, it can reformat and repair hard disk partitions. It can be used to restore data, files, and directories created by both the user and the system. The software can recover data from nearly any storage device, including hard drives, flash storage units, external memory cards, and tape drives. Typically, data recovery software is capable of retrieving data from standard file systems. The primary users of data recovery software are IT support staff, managed service providers, and individual power users. Why is data recovery software important? Nowadays, organizations store almost all of their essential data in the cloud. Additionally, you might automatically back up data to a USB stick or an external hard drive. However, if a hard drive fails or a drive becomes damaged, specialized data recovery software is necessary to recover the lost files and folders. Thus, having a robust data recovery plan is highly beneficial for the organization. A Guide to Data Recovery? Types, Process, and Software Data Recovery Luckily, organizations can access a range of high-quality data recovery tools. In the event of a complete or partial data crash, these software tools enable users to recover a large portion of the data while reducing negative impacts. Even if you use a data backup service, it's wise to have a recovery tool on hand in case the worst occurs. The best data recovery software makes it easy, quick, and straightforward to recover lost folders and files on any desktop, smartphone, or storage device. Top 7 Data Recovery Software In today's multi-billion-dollar industry, numerous choices are available for selecting the ideal data recovery software. Here are the top options, listed alphabetically: 1. AnyRecover AnyRecover stands out as a highly effective tool for recovering Outlook files. It can restore PST, DBX, and EMLX files, supporting over 1,000 file types. Additionally, it offers file repair, email recovery, and lost partition recovery features. Note that the Mac version is priced higher than the Windows version. Paid plans offer nearly unlimited data recovery, while the free version limits recovery to three files. 2. Disk Drill Data Recovery Disk Drill Data Recovery can retrieve corrupted data even if your device is malfunctioning, inaccessible, or has lost a partition. It allows recovery of lost photos, videos, audio, or files from internal or external drives, flash drives, and SD cards. It also includes two important data loss protection features: the Recovery Vault, adding an extra layer to your Recycle Bin, and Guaranteed Recovery, which keeps a copy of any file moved to a specified folder. 3. EaseUS The EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard is very user-friendly. It guides users through every step of the recovery process. If used promptly, it can recover almost anything, from accidentally deleted disks to virus-affected data. It works with internal and external hard drives, USB flash drives, memory cards, and various partition types. 4. Recuva Recuva by Piriform is one of the best free data recovery programs available. It is highly user-friendly and includes several optional advanced features. It can recover data from hard drives, external devices (like USB drives), BD/DVD/CDs, or memory cards. It aims to make recovering deleted files as easy as deleting them. Piriform provides both installable and portable software versions, but no software as a service (SaaS) app. 5. R-Studio R-Studio is primarily intended for professionals already acquainted with data recovery. It supports all commonly used file formats, partition layout schemes, and damaged or deleted partitions. R-Studio enables users to start multiple data recovery tasks simultaneously in separate tabs. Recovered files can be organized by their extensions, creation date, modification date, and access time, among other criteria. You can also review supported file formats or use the built-in hex editor to check their integrity or attempt partial recovery. 6. Stellar Data Recovery This data recovery tool offers various scan options, allowing you to tailor the scan to the level of data loss. This is time-efficient if you accidentally delete an important file and realize it immediately, as a full system scan is not needed. It is a versatile service capable of recovering data from internal and external hard drives, storage devices, memory sticks, and optical media. Moreover, the platform includes robust search features, making it easy to find and recover the most important data. 7. PhotoRec This software can retrieve over 480 file formats from storage devices such as hard disks, memory cards, CD-ROMs, flash drives with USB ports, and other storage media. PhotoRec’s text-only interface is ideal for IT professionals. PhotoRec’s functionality is on par with other commercial data recovery software solutions. It uses a non-destructive data recovery method, ensuring it does not write to the storage media from which recovery is being attempted. In rare cases, it can effectively restore fragmented data dispersed across systems. How to choose data recovery software? When selecting the best data recovery software, consider the following criteria: Compatibility : Initially, disk recovery software should work with your operating system. Users should look for a service that is regularly updated to support various operating system versions and features. Moreover, the software should be capable of recovering lost data from file systems used in both internal and external storage media, such as NTFS, FAT, FAT32, exFAT, HFS+, APFS, ext2/3/4, among others. Prompt support : Access to technical support is crucial if issues arise while using the software. Whether through phone, email, or a support ticket, there must be a way to receive quick help if you encounter difficulties retrieving lost data. This is especially important in emergency situations. Credibility and reliability : Malicious entities can embed malware in recovery software to gain access to a user's computer during a crisis. It is generally safer to download software directly from the developer’s website rather than from third-party distributor sites. Performance : The most effective data recovery solutions should successfully recover all deleted files and deliver on their promises. Unfortunately, developers often make exaggerated claims, so reviewing feedback from actual users and expert reviewers should be a key part of the selection process. The likelihood of successfully retrieving deleted files using software from a disk-based storage device is closely linked to the device’s use since the data was lost. Ideally, users should stop using devices immediately after noticing data loss, though this may not always be feasible. This factor should be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of a data recovery tool. Furthermore, no commercially available software can recover data that has been overwritten. A file is considered overwritten if: The file occupying a certain storage space is marked as “deleted.” Its storage space is marked as “available” for storing new files. New data is written in the same location as the file. Therefore, it is highly recommended that users regularly back up their computers and all important data, using data recovery software only as a last resort in emergencies. Takeaway Data recovery software is a multi-billion dollar industry for a reason. As enterprise data production increases and its importance to businesses grows, there must be a way to recover files, folders, and partitions that might have been accidentally deleted or lost due to unforeseen events. Data recovery software fulfills this critical role and, except in rare cases, ensures that lost data can be recovered. Did this article help you understand how data recovery works? Nerdcore Data Recovery offers a advanced level of data recovery in the following states of Australia.

Create Your Own Antivirus in Minutes Using Machine Learning Create Your Own Antivirus in Minutes Using Machine Learning Introduction The Growth of Malware Training Programs to Identify Viruses The K Nearest Neighbor Method Feature Vectors in Virus Identification Static versus Dynamic Methods Smart BOTS: A Dynamic Analysis Framework Bayesian Classification for Android Viruses Various Methods for Virus Detection Using Machine Learning for Virus Detection Creating a Virus Detection Script in Python Introduction This article will explore the realm of virus detection, focusing on how machines can be trained to identify viruses. We will examine the rising threat of malware and the challenges antivirus software faces. Furthermore, we will look into different methods and algorithms for training programs to detect viruses. Ultimately, we will create a basic antivirus script in Python using the scikit-learn library. The Growth of Malware Since 2010, the prevalence of malware on the internet has surged. Well-known antivirus programs continually update their systems to combat new threats. Polymorphic viruses and worms have advanced, making them more challenging to detect and manage. This evolution necessitates more sophisticated techniques and algorithms for virus detection. Training Programs to Identify Viruses Virus detection is fundamentally a classification issue. By training a program to determine if software is malicious, we can act to remove it. Researchers have effectively trained programs using various machine learning algorithms to identify viruses on platforms like Android devices. Create Your Own Antivirus in Minutes Using Machine Learning The K Nearest Neighbor Method The K nearest neighbor (KNN) method is effective in identifying similarities between data points. In virus detection, KNN can help spot anomalies suggesting a virus's presence. Researchers in Nigeria employed KNN to train a classifier on Android devices, achieving an accuracy rate of 94%. Create Your Own Antivirus in Minutes Using Machine Learning Feature Vectors in Virus Identification To train a classifier, researchers require a set of feature vectors representing a clean system. These vectors might include SMS texts, calls, device statuses, and active processes. By marking these vectors as clean, researchers can develop a Supervised classifier to detect anomalies, potentially indicating a virus. Static versus Dynamic Methods In malware analysis, two primary methods exist: static analysis and dynamic analysis. The static method reviews the software as it stands on the device, whereas the dynamic method examines ongoing system processes. A recent study focused on detecting botnets on Android devices using a dynamic analysis method, yielding promising results with a straightforward logistic regression algorithm. Smart BOTS: A Dynamic Analysis Framework The Smart BOTS framework is another dynamic analysis approach. It uses a neural network trained on a labeled botnet dataset and employs six classification algorithms, including logistic regression, to identify botnets. Logistic regression provided the most effective results in botnet detection. Create Your Own Antivirus in Minutes Using Machine Learning Bayesian Classification for Android Viruses In a recent study, researchers applied Bayesian classification to detect Android malware. They reverse-engineered clean Android apps and mapped them into feature vectors Based on API calls, Linux system commands, and manifest file permissions. Their Bayesian classifier demonstrated superior detection rates compared to traditional signature-based antivirus solutions. Various Methods for Virus Detection Virus detection involves multiple methods and algorithms, each with distinct advantages and drawbacks. Static analysis targets the software itself, while dynamic analysis focuses on ongoing processes. Machine learning techniques, like KNN and logistic regression, have shown effectiveness in detecting viruses and botnets. Using Machine Learning for Virus Detection In the ongoing fight against malware, viruses may also use machine learning to evade detection. To counter this threat, researchers and developers employ machine learning algorithms to train programs capable of effectively identifying and removing viruses. Creating a Virus Detection Script in Python This section will guide You through creating a simple antivirus script in Python using the scikit-learn library. We will explain how to load a dataset, identify key features, develop models, and test their accuracy. This script will help classify files as either legitimate or harmful based on their extracted features. 💡 Highlights: The growth of malware and the challenges faced by antivirus software Training programs to identify viruses using machine learning methods The K nearest neighbor method's effectiveness in virus detection Using feature vectors to depict clean systems for training classifiers Static and dynamic methods in malware analysis The Smart BOTS framework for botnet detection Bayesian classification for Android virus detection Various methods and algorithms in virus detection Applying machine learning to tackle evolving viruses Creating a virus detection script in Python with scikit-learn FAQ: Q: What is malware? A: Malware is malicious software designed to harm or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. Q: How do antivirus programs detect viruses? A: Antivirus programs use techniques like signature-based detection, heuristic analysis, and behavior monitoring to identify and remove viruses. Q: What is the K nearest neighbor method? A: The K nearest neighbor (KNN) method is a machine learning algorithm that identifies similarities between data points by considering the K closest neighbors. Q: How does dynamic analysis aid in virus detection? A: Dynamic analysis examines ongoing system processes, enabling real-time monitoring and virus detection. Q: What is Bayesian classification? A: Bayesian classification is a machine learning technique using Bayes' theorem to assess the likelihood that an object belongs to a specific class based on its features. Q: How can machine learning assist in virus detection? A: Machine learning algorithms can be trained to detect patterns and anomalies in software behavior, aiding in virus identification and removal. You can use these tools to help you build your own antivirus software https://scikit-learn.org/stable/ https://dev.botframework.com/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/bayesian-classification https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/k-nearest-neighbours/ More information on Malware 2025. Stay Protected with security audits https://www.1300nerdcore.com.au/post/a-new-remarkably-sophisticated-malware-is-attacking-routers

Nerdcore provides exceptional data recovery services to clients in Melbourne and surrounding areas. We are acknowledged as one of the country's foremost experts in recovering data from any kind of loss. Trust our data recovery specialists to retrieve your valuable information. Same Day Data Recovery Melbourne Victoria Call 03 868 97 9 7 4 Since 2008, The nerdcore group has been offering tailored data recovery solutions to Melbourne clients. We've rescued essential data for both business and residential customers using our proprietary in-house tools and one of Australia's largest, most advanced cleanrooms. The nerdcore group gives you the best chance to recover your valuable data, Melbourne! If you need on-site computer repairs in Melbourne, click this text . The group assists anyone in Melbourne and nearby areas in recovering data from nearly any device with a very high success rate. Same Day Data Recovery Melbourne Victoria Call 03 8 6 8 9 7 9 7 4 Services We Offer for Data Recovery in Melbourne and Surrounding Areas Data Recovery from Hard Disk Drives Hard Disk Drive Data Recovery Data loss in hard disk drives necessitates two repair methods based on the type of failure encountered. The first method is "Hardware repair," usually needed after physical damage, such as from being dropped or a natural disaster. The second method is "Software repair," typically required when data is lost due to corruption, deletion, or overwriting. 2. Data Recovery for Solid State Drives solid state drive data recovery SSDs, or solid-state drives, possess a limited number of read and write cycles and include sensitive components such as capacitors, controller chips, and power supplies that may deteriorate over time. SSD failures can also occur due to corruption in the system memory chips. Although data recovery from an SSD can be difficult, engineers at The Nerdcore group have developed many successful data recovery techniques for various SSD models and brands. 3. Data Recovery for Business, Enterprise Servers, and RAID Systems Hard Drive Raid Data Recovery Need to get essential business systems back up and running? We've got you covered! Remember The nerdcore group whenever you need data recovery from your business-grade servers or RAID cluster array. We provide four enterprise-level services: In-Lab, Remote RAID data recovery, On-site recovery, and Custom RAID data recovery. With decades of experience, we specialize in executing complex yet successful RAID/Server recoveries. 4. Data Recovery Software Data Recovery Software We receive numerous calls regarding devices that aren't physically damaged, but require recovery of accidentally corrupted databases, file system issues, deleted files, missing folders, personal documents, wedding photos, home videos, and more. Typically, we can establish a remote desktop connection to your computer on the same day, and in some cases, perform the recovery online immediately, eliminating the need for you to transport the equipment. External Storage Drives and USB Drives USB Drive and External Storage Drives Clients frequently contact us after unintentionally dropping their external storage hard drive or bending the USB drive on their laptop. We can promptly evaluate the situation over the phone to decide whether to send a technician or have the media sent to our office for a more detailed examination. We are equipped to repair all brands and types of USB drives and external drives, including Seagate, Maxtor, Hitachi, Samsung, Intel, Fujitsu, Western Digital, among others. I'm seeking top-notch data recovery services in Melbourne. Can you assist? Absolutely, we offer expert and dependable data recovery services in Melbourne. If you're located in Melbourne or nearby areas and require data recovery, reach out to us at (03) 8 6 8 9 7 9 7 4 Do you offer onsite RAID data recovery services in Melbourne? Absolutely, we do! With years of experience in executing successful RAID data recoveries, we can come to you and collect your RAID device on the same day you contact us. Our Melbourne data team is equipped to recover data from all RAID systems, covering any RAID level such as 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, as well as any controller chipset, architecture, or hard drive brand, model, or type. How fast can you restore my data? We offer an excellent variety of data recovery service levels for Melbourne clients, with options from 24 hours to 30 business days, based on your needs. Please contact us at (03) 8 6 8 9 7 9 7 4 , and one of our friendly data recovery specialists will give you more information on how we can meet your data recovery needs. What is the usual cost for data recovery? The usual cost for data recovery varies based on several factors. Our team can determine if your data can be recovered and estimate the restoration cost. We will also provide a list of the files you can recover and the associated cost, ensuring complete transparency. Do you offer mobile device data recovery services in Melbourne? Yes, we provide professional mobile device recovery services for any mobile gadget, including phones, tablets, or cherished iPods. Can I pick up my data recovery and source media from the Melbourne office? No, your data recovery and original source media will be returned to you directly through Australia Post Priority courier or registered express post for quick delivery. You can provide us with a private or business address, or a PO Box, at your convenience. If you need support for Western Digital storage, please click the link . For assistance from Seagate Storage Solutions, click this link . Start a journey of connection and happiness! 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Same Day Data Recovery Canberra Australian Capital Territory Call 0386897974 Same Day Data Recovery Canberra Australian Capital Territory Call 03 8 6 8 9 7 9 7 4 Are you facing data loss issues in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory? Your search ends here. The Nerdcore Team offers outstanding data recovery solutions for clients in Australian Capital Territory, and nearby suburbs. With extensive experience, we are the leading specialists in recovering data from various loss scenarios. Same Day Data Recovery Canberra Australian Capital Territory Call 03 8 6 8 9 7 9 7 4 Rely on our professionals to retrieve your valuable data efficiently. Since 2008, the Nerdcore Group has been the trusted provider of personalized data recovery solutions in Australian Capital Territory. Whether it involves critical business data or personal files, our in-house tools and advanced clean rooms provide the best chance for same-day data recovery. Don't let data loss disrupt your week. Depend on our proven track record to recover your data. We offer comprehensive data recovery services, addressing a wide array of needs in Australian Capital Territory, and surrounding areas. We deliver high-quality recovery services for various devices, including hard disk drives. Hard drive failures may result from physical damage or software issues. Our experts are adept in both hardware and software repairs to help you recover lost data efficiently. Solid-state drive data recovery poses unique challenges due to limited read/write operations and sensitive components. The Nerdcore team has mastered successful recovery techniques for various SSD models to ensure your data's safety. Your data recovery solution is here. Don't let data loss become a permanent issue. Contact the Nerdcore team today for industry-leading data recovery services in Australian Capital Territory, and nearby areas. Trust our expertise to recover your data efficiently and securely. To recover your valuable data today, visit our website for a quick quote or call 1 3 0 0 6 3 7 3 2 6.

Find a data recovery company near me Call 130063732 Find a data recovery company near me Call 1300637326 To find a data recovery company, you can: search online for companies in your area, check online reviews and ratings on platforms like Google or Trustpilot, consider their experience and reputation in the industry, inquire about their success rate for different types of devices, and compare pricing and turnaround times before making a decision; it's also beneficial to ask for recommendations from friends or colleagues who have used data recovery services before.      Things to consider before choosing a data recovery company Over 15 years of unmatched experience in the data recovery sector Attaining a remarkable 97% success rate in complex HDD recoveries ISO 5 Class 100 Cleanroom certified Successfully completing more than 50,000 data recovery projects Retrieving 1000+ types of files: Photos, Videos, Audios, and more. Providing complete safety, security, and certified expertise Data Privacy Assure Specialized data recovery from top hard drive brands: Synology, QNAP, WD, Seagate, Thecus, Drobo, Lenovo, Sony, Toshiba, and others. Established physical locations in more than three cities across Australia. Providing emergency hard drive recovery services in Melbourne       Find a data recovery company near me Call 1300637326  Key factors to consider when choosing a data recovery company:      Expertise: Look for a company with experience in recovering data from a variety of devices like hard drives, SSDs, memory cards, and mobile phones.  Reputation: Check online reviews and testimonials to gauge the company's reliability and customer satisfaction.  Success Rate: Ask about their success rate for recovering data from different types of devices and situations.  Data Security: Ensure the company has robust data security protocols to protect your sensitive information.  Pricing: Compare quotes from different companies and understand their pricing structure, including any potential extra charges.  Turnaround Time: Inquire about how long it will take to recover your data.  Guarantee: Check if the company offers a guarantee on their services, especially if they can't recover your data.  Find a data recovery company near me Call 1300637326         Where to search for data recovery companies:      Online search engines: Use keywords like "data recovery near me", "hard drive data recovery", or "data recovery services".  Review websites: Check platforms like Google Reviews, Trustpilot, Yelp, or similar sites to see user feedback.  Industry forums: Look for recommendations from tech communities or forums related to data recovery.  Local IT service providers: Ask your local computer repair shop or IT company if they offer data recovery services or can recommend a reputable company Primary Causes of Hard Drive Data Loss There are several factors that can render a hard drive inaccessible, such as physical damage, logical errors, file corruption, and unintentional deletion. The most prevalent causes are listed below: Hardware Failure: This is the leading cause of data loss in hard drives. Over time, the moving parts within hard drives can deteriorate or fail, leading to data loss. Accidental Deletion: Unintentionally deleting files or formatting the incorrect drive can lead to data loss. It is crucial to verify before deleting any files. Virus or Malware Attacks: Viruses and malware can compromise your hard drive, resulting in data corruption or loss. Always keep your antivirus software updated and avoid suspicious links or unknown downloads. Power Outages: Power interruptions or surges can harm your hard drive, causing data loss. It is advisable to use an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to safeguard your computer from unexpected power failures. Natural Disasters: Events such as floods, fires, or earthquakes can destroy your computer and lead to data loss. Regularly backing up important data to an offsite location is recommended. Human Error: Spilling liquids on your computer, dropping your laptop, or mishandling your hard drive can cause data loss. Software Corruption: Software errors, system crashes, or bugs can corrupt data, resulting in data loss. Smoke or Fire Damage Humidity or Extreme Temperatures Sudden Power Cut or Surge Accidental Formatting of Hard Disk Corrupted RAID Configuration in Hard Disks Liquid Penetration in the Hard Drive Some DIY Data Recovery Software Downloaded from the Internet Moisture in the Hard Disk To prevent data loss, it is essential to regularly back up your data and keep your software and hardware updated. If data loss occurs, cease using your computer immediately and consult a data recovery professional in Melbourne for assistance. Procedure for Hard Drive Data Recovery Data recovery from a hard drive is a complex process requiring specialized tools and expertise. The general steps involved are as follows: Identify the Cause of Data Loss: Initially, we determine the root cause of data loss. Whether due to hardware failure, accidental deletion, software corruption, or other factors, we conduct a comprehensive analysis to identify the issue. Evaluate the Damage: After identifying the cause, we assess the damage to the hard drive. This evaluation helps us determine the most effective recovery approach while minimizing additional risks. Selecting the Appropriate Data Recovery Method: Based on the cause and extent of damage, we apply various recovery methods tailored to your situation. This may involve advanced data recovery software, necessary hard drive repairs, or professional assistance from our dedicated data recovery service. Safeguarding Remaining Data: Prior to recovery, we back up any remaining data on the hard drive. During recovery, we create copies of the data to preserve the original files. Often, the disk can be reused without reinstallation. Start Data Recovery: Our data recovery service focuses on the meticulous examination and restoration of electronic and mechanical components within hard drives. We assess and repair both external and internal electronics, including motor controllers, data paths, pre-amplifiers, and motors. We also specialize in re-writing servo data and servicing the designated service area. Rely on our skilled professionals to manage the intricate repairs of electronic components in your hard drives. Complimentary Hard Drive Recovery Consultation Are you seeking professional assistance from Hard Drive Data Recovery experts in Melbourne CBD to retrieve lost files and data? Contact Recovery members, a team of skilled computer forensic specialists with extensive expertise in this field. Recovery members provides complimentary phone consultations for a wide range of internal and external hard drive data recovery services across Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and throughout Australia. Our recovery experts are available to assist clients in the Melbourne CBD, Perth, and Sydney areas. Do not hesitate to call us at 1300 637 326 for a free phone consultation or to reach out to us directly. Our Recovery offers premier hard drive data recovery services in Melbourne at competitive prices. Our services encompass the recovery of various file types, including videos, audio files, images, and documents. Contact us for a complimentary consultation on hard drive data recovery for laptops, desktops, and flash drives in Melbourne. Comprehensive Recovery Services for Laptops and Notebooks We provide expert solutions for laptop data recovery to restore your valuable information. Our team is proficient in handling all major brands of notebooks and laptops, delivering top-tier data recovery solutions. External Authoritative Resources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_recovery https://www.ibm.com/topics/data-recovery

Nerdcore Pc Data Recovery Company Nearly every PC owner in the world knows that hard drives can and likely will die at some point in time. While hard drives are built to last a long time and withstand a lot of things, crashes are a thing that hard drives do not take well. Although data loss should be expected – data recovery guarantees that the hard drive does not fail you at the time you need it most of all. Find a local Data Recovery Company? The hard disk is very essential because it stores the entirety of your data and files, and stores all of your important documents. Hard drives feature revolving gears, an aperture arm, and four platters which keep data. Regardless of how well a hard drive is built, hard drive failure is inevitable. Find a local Data Recovery Company? If your drive fails or you lose all of the data, there are things that you may do to get back the information. The best way to retrieve your information is to carry your drive to an expert in your area or ship it off to a company. That way, tests can be ran on it and the specialists at that location can recover the information, which may involve rebuilding your drive. If you happen to have multiple hard drives or a RAID setup, then the only thing you need to do is replace the damaged drive, and the data that you believe you lost will be rebuilt among the other drives. If all of your drives in the RAID or mirror setup have crashed, then you’ll have to ship them off together. Find a local Data Recovery Company? Those of you who choose to repair the drive by yourself ought to reconsider. Fixing a drive takes a lot of time, effort, and research. If you don’t have any knowledge of drives, it is definitely something you shouldn’t get into. Even if you have a neighbor that is quite experienced with computers and drives, you should probably still try bringing your hard drive to an expert – and have it done properly, the first time. In the few and far between cases in which the hard drive cannot be repaired, the experts will inform you. They’ll let you know that there’s nothing to be done, the drive is totally destroyed and this way you don’t waste time or money on something which just can’t be repaired. Though data recovery may repair the drive and reclaim the information in many instances, you should back up your data. That way, you will possess all the things you require in the event something occurs which cannot be repaired. It’s not difficult to make a backup, and you must constantly backup the information at the very least once every seven days. With the right information backup, you’re able to continue with your work when the failed drive is getting fixed – and it won’t delay you a bit. What you just learned about great Data Recovery is just the beginning. Find a local Data Recovery Company? Tags: Computer Data Recovery , data recovery Category : Computer Data Recovery

Looking for same day data recovery services in Melbourne ? Recover lost or damaged data from phones and laptops with expert care. Call Us Now 1300 637326 How to find a Data Recovery Company? Call 1300637326 Reliable and Accredited Data Recovery Services in Melbourne Same Day Computer Repairs is your comprehensive solution for all data recovery requirements. We offer fast, dependable, and professional services to retrieve your important data from hard drives, SSDs, USBs, and more. Our skilled team operates with accuracy and care to ensure successful data recovery in the shortest time possible. Tailored Data Recovery Solutions Achieving an impressive 97% success rate in complex HDD data recoveries Certified Technicians for All Recovery Services Secure and Confidential Data Management Recovering 1000+ diverse file types: Photos, Videos, Audios, and more Same Day Data Recovery Service Available Certified Data Recovery Services in Melbourne Data loss can be a distressing experience, and we are here to help. With our professional services, you can trust that your valuable memories, such as photos and videos, along with crucial professional or office data, including essential files, are secure. We are experts in data recovery in Melbourne . The team at Same Day Computer Repairs is equipped to recover data from any storage device, including hard drives, memory cards, phones, software, and more. We take pride in serving thousands of clients with our advanced cleanrooms, ensuring complete satisfaction and secure data recovery. Contact us today to start the recovery process. How to find a Data Recovery Company? Call 1300637326 Hard drive data recovery Losing data on your hard drive can happen if you accidentally drop it or if you delete files by mistake. If your hard drive gets damaged, our hard drive data recovery Melbourne experts use special tools to fix it up. If it's a software issue, we can recover your lost or messed-up files. No matter what caused the problem, our team is committed to getting your data back with the best data recovery services in Melbourne . SSD Data Recovery SSD drives are susceptible to failure as their components degrade over time or due to memory-related issues. Given their distinct nature from traditional hard drives, data recovery from SSDs necessitates specialized expertise. We have devised techniques to recover data from a wide range of SSD brands and models. Whether the failure is hardware-related or due to a software malfunction, we are committed to retrieving your files. Raid Data Recovery In the event of a failure in business servers or RAID systems, prompt data recovery is essential. We provide multiple solutions, including laboratory recovery, remote recovery, and on-site assistance, to address these issues efficiently. Our team possesses extensive experience in retrieving data from intricate RAID systems, ensuring your business can resume operations with minimal downtime. Software Data Recovery Occasionally, data loss occurs due to software issues, resulting in deleted or corrupted files, or even the disappearance of entire folders. Our laptop data recovery services in Melbourne are dedicated to retrieving these files, whether they are crucial documents, photos, or videos. Often, we can resolve the issue remotely, eliminating the need for you to transport your device. Sub Data Recovery Accidental damage to USB or external hard drives, such as from dropping or bending, is common. In such cases, we offer to evaluate the situation, assist you remotely, or facilitate sending the device for recovery. We work with all major brands to ensure your data is recovered efficiently and securely. Why Choose Our Data Recovery Specialists in Melbourne? Unmatched Success Rate We take pride in maintaining a customer satisfaction rate exceeding 99%, supported by a proven track record and extensive experience in data recovery services in Melbourne. We are not just another data recovery company; we are successful, confident, and secure. Transparent Process and Pricing Transparency is central to our professional data recovery services in Melbourne. Following a complimentary inspection, we provide a precise cost for data recovery with no hidden fees. Our policy ensures no charges if data recovery is unsuccessful, offering an affordable service. Safe and Reliable Techniques Our specialists have developed proprietary hardware and software for secure and customized data recovery solutions. We prioritize data confidentiality, non-disclosure, and personal data privacy, maintaining the highest standards of safety and transparency. Class-100 Clean Room Data recovery is conducted in a Class-100 Clean Room, a controlled environment free from dust and particles that could damage sensitive device components. This allows us to recover even the most delicate data without causing additional harm. Data Recovery Made Simpler Than Ever! Effortless Process to Retrieve Your Data Step 1: Contact Us –  Reach out to our data recovery experts and discuss your issue. Step 2: Evaluation – Allow us to assess your device and diagnose the problem. Step 3: Recovery –  Our technicians recover all lost data swiftly. Step 4: Validation –  We verify to ensure you receive the data you need. Step 5: Safe Delivery – We securely return the device to your address without hassle. Simple, isn't it? Types of Data Our Technicians Recover in Melbourne In our data recovery lab, our skilled technicians excel at retrieving various data types from different storage media and devices. We commonly recover data such as: Photos and Images Videos Documents (including Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, etc.) Email messages and attachments Database files (MySQL, SQLite, etc.) Virtual machine files (VMDK, VHDX, etc.) Encrypted data And this is just the beginning! Our data recovery specialists in Sydney have also successfully retrieved a wide array of other data types.'

How To Recover Your Lost Data from external hard drives. Call 03 86897974 Fast same day service. How To Recover Your Lost Data from external hard drives. Call 03 86897974 Fast same day service. We are living in a jet age which is an outcome of the information technology revolution. So precisely we can say that we are at the computer age. In this recent scenario we are solely dependent upon the computers, internet for all our day to day needs. There are ample reasons why computers are becoming an integral part of our daily chores. We are becoming greatly dependant on the computers as we can write, read, save and create the abundant information on the computers. It is a technical machine that allows you do the maximum possible functions on the computers. How To Recover Your Lost Data from external hard drives. Call 03 86897974 Fast same day service. The concepts like internet, intranet and paperless offices have made the computers immensely popular. These are used in schools, colleges, offices, homes, hospitals, courts and in to almost all the avenues that are directly or indirectly associated with the human life. But the most popular use of computers is in the offices for commercial functions. Here the information is gathered, designed, classified and stored in such away that you can access the same at the time you need it. Computers have a variety of functions that are complicated to mug up but you can easily learn them out of constant practicing and experience. But there are certain arrangements that if not followed properly can cause a severe damage to your data. Commands like delete and backspace can spoil all your data. Not only these commands, there are various external factors such as virus, human mistakes, computer’s rebooting or shutting down automatically and fluctuations can cause harms to your data. How To Recover Your Lost Data from external hard drives. Call 03 86897974 Fast same day service . Due to the above listed reasons we loose our data that is stores in the form of files. There are times when you accidently press some keys or forget to save your files before closing it and in certain cases your file gets corrupted, damaged and infected, . There are certain softwares available in the markets that can prove to be beneficial for you. A file which you think is deleted is not deleted actually but it has moved to the file directory where your data is safe still you can not see it. So for this purpose data recovery software can help you a lot as you can regain the desired file that has been deleted due to some reasons. Just remember 1300nerdcore Tags# Computer Data Recovery , data recovery freeware , disk wipe , file recovery freeware , flash drive recovery , free cd data recovery , free file recovery , hp recovery disk , low level format , restore deleted files , windows automated system recovery , windows undelete ,

High Quality Hard Drive Data Recovery call 03 86897974 High Quality Hard Drive Data Recovery call 03 86897974 Hard Drive Recovery Secure Data Recovery Services offers expert data recovery and repair services for all desktop, laptop and external hard drives. Apple Mac Recovery We specialize in Mac OS X systems and can safely treat damaged iMacs , MacBooks and more while maintaining your warranty. Laptop Data Recovery Whether you accidentally overwrite your laptop's data or you have a crashed hard drive, our experts provide dependable results. Desktop Data Recovery We offer a full set of media repair and recovery services for all desktop computers regardless of operating system or file system. High Quality Hard Drive Data Recovery call 03 86897974 RAID Data Recovery We can safely treat all types of RAID, and by recreating your array with specialized equipment, we can recover data without access to your original hardware. RAID Repair Our engineers can repair damaged RAID arrays, giving you a simple, comprehensive disaster recovery plan that helps your business avoid downtime. SAN Data Recovery Our specialists can effectively restore data from your storage area network (SAN), preventing significant downtime while protecting your privacy through state-of-the-art security. NAS Data Recovery Secure Data Recovery Services can prevent NAS downtime, quickly returning a full, working copy of your files after any type of disaster. Server Data Recovery We specialize in server recovery. Our engineers can repair your server while recovering data, minimizing downtime during a data loss disaster. Tape Data Recovery We are one of the only companies that can treat physically damaged DLTs, LTOs and other data tapes without risking media damage. Database Data Recovery Our specialists have expertise with all database types and RDBMS systems including MySQL, Oracle, Access and more. Encrypted Data Recovery Encrypted files present serious challenges for data recovery engineers. We have unparalleled experience with EFS and all other encryption implementations. Remote Data Recovery We offer the world's most confidential data recovery services by using logical media handling procedures and state-of-the-art technologies. On-site Data Recovery We offer on-site professional data recovery services. This option is reserved for the most difficult and critical delicate data loss situations. SSD Data Recovery Solid-state drives are a relatively new storage technology. We have the tools to safely rebuild SSDs and SSD-HDD hybrids without risking media damage. USB Flash Data Recovery We can treat physically and logically damaged flash media including thumb drives, camera cards and more. File & Email Data Recovery If you need to recover a single email or an entire archive file, our specialists can quickly restore the missing information. Mobile Recovery & Forensics We are uniquely qualified to recover data from phones, and we can securely access lost messages and application data without voiding active warranties. Digital Forensics Secure Data Recovery Services applies leading-edge computer forensics expertise to extract and preserve challenge-proof digital evidence for any business, private, civil or criminal investigation. eDiscovery Attorneys depend on our E-Discovery service to unearth digital data most relevant to their case in compliance with Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Additional Services If you need to recover data from a storage device, Secure Data Recovery Services can help. Our facilities are equipped to treat all digital devices. Service Options Whether you need a fast turnaround or you are working within a budget, our expansive set of service options helps you meet your goals. Author Nerdcore Australia

How Much Does Data Recovery Charge? How Much Does Data Recovery Charge? For a typical single hard drive recovery, Nerdcore data recovery service costs between $380 to $1,460 depending on the type and size of your device, and the complexity or difficulty of recovery. These fees may increase if your device is a larger than normal capacity or if you require your data back more urgently. However our Data Services Representatives will discuss these options with you during the initial consultation. Prices for more complex systems such as RAIDs or Servers will depend on the specifics of the system, and the data recovery situation. How Much Does Data Recovery Charge? What is involved in the evaluation process? In order to determine the cost of your data recovery our engineers perform a free* 24-hour evaluation of your storage device. During this process our engineering team will examine your device to determine its condition and the likelihood of recovering your data. The following factors will be taken into consideration during the evaluation: The type of device The cause of data loss Time and effort required to retrieve data The desired timeline At the end of the evaluation process we’ll be able to confirm the exact cost of your recovery. Once we’ve locked in the price it will not change, giving our customers complete confidence to proceed with the recovery knowing exactly what to expect at the end of the process.

How much does data recovery cost? Data Recovery Prices & Rate Calculator When a computer crashes, it can result in data loss. This can be loss of small files, or in the case of a large company, it can cause a company to lose a ton of money. There are many different types of data recovery services that can be offered to recover data depending on the type of crash. Below are some of the services that are offered at many data recovery companies: Hard Drive recovery Prices A large percentage of data recovery services comes from hard drive failures and is increasing. Because technology is advancing everyday, hard drives are getting larger and holding more data, which means that data recovery is more important than it used to be because people are worried about losing all of their precious data. Hard drives are reaching capacity levels of 200 gigabytes or more. This means that the potential for extreme data loss has skyrocketed. Almost everything that is done is put on a hard drive in one form or another and people are neglecting to back up that hard drive and are at risk of losing everything. Data Recovery Prices & Cost RAID Recovery Prices RAID systems are extremely complex and due to the extreme expertise needed to develop, administer, and maintain, there is much more potential for damage and configuration problems. When a RAID system is not backed up correctly, it can lead to complete business failure or extreme financial loss. RAID systems are the most critical part of a company since everything is digital now. If your RAID system fails, do not touch it or try and fix it your self. Call a specialist or things could be lost forever. Tape Recovery Prices Tape is primarily used for backup and is used as a sequential storage media. Tape allows for large capacity backup and is good for businesses. Just remember, like the RAID system, it is very complex and you should not take on the recovery yourself. You could end of making things worse.  Professionals have unique technology and tools specifically for tape recovery. Chances are, professionals have seen every kind of tape recovery and will be able to help as long as you do not make things worse. Optical Recovery Prices Optical media is written and read by a laser, such as CDs and DVDs. There are many problems that can cause an optical media to fail. The CD or DVD could become scratched, the player could ruin the media and more. Please do not attempt to fix. This will only make things worse. Data Recovery Prices & Cost Removable Recovery Prices Removable recovery involves storage media such as floppy disks, zip drives, and other related storage media. Theses storage devices are much smaller, therefore they hold less than the other types of media we have talked about. There are a number of problems that can arise from these storage devices. These include physical damages and human error. These problems can cause overwritten data, disk reformatting, and virus damage. Every recovery situation is unique and when this happens make sure you call a professional right away. Digital Recovery Prices Digital media devices include cameras, portable storage devices, and other flash media. Since these are becoming more affordable, there is a rising demand for recovery for these types of products. Data recovery companies have developed appropriate digital data loss solutions. If you do experience a failure of any of these devices, do not panic and call a data recovery specialist right away. Nerdcore Computers is here to help. Contact us today at 1300637326

Personalize your technology. Step into the future with swift computer repairs Fast Computer Repairs - Same Day Computer Repairs - Nerdcore Computers Fast Computer Repairs - Nerdcore PC Fast Computer Repairs The right technology can transform your business. Our Technology Centres are here to help you tailor solutions that align with your objectives. Contact us to find out more. The right technology can transform your business. Our Technology Centres can help you tailor solutions to achieve your objectives. Contact us to find out more. What to Anticipate Nerdcore Computers 24/7 technical support                                                                   Connect with business experts located in Australia who can help expand your business. Our Technology Centres offer: 24 hours technical computer repairs Expert Guidance Obtain tailored business consulting from technology advisors to create strategies aimed at delivering outcomes. We supply all the main brands Fast Computer Repairs - Same Day Computer Repairs - Nerdcore Computers Local Expertise Receive personalized technology advice from people who know your region well. Support for Innovation We provide customized solutions to boost your competitive edge and advance your unique vision. Our Service s are available all over Australia Professional Support Receive customized advice from specialists to help you achieve success and excel in your industry. Benefits to Your Business Collaborating with us equips you with the crucial elements needed to foster innovation in your business. Connect Your Business Utilizing the nbn, satellite internet, mobile devices, or routers, we offer all the essentials to ensure your business stays connected both onsite and while mobile. Enhance Your Business Join Telstra Plus to earn points that you can redeem for business products at our Rewards Store. Fast Same Day Technical Support Boost Your Business Plan for success with managed services, Microsoft 365 solutions, and AI for business. We help you utilize tools to increase efficiency. Protect Your Business We are dedicated to strengthening our network's security and providing you with the tools to help achieve this as well. Locate Your Technology Centre Engage with business specialists by phone or at your Technology Centre. Nerdcore PC technology centre Fast Same Day Computer Repairs Ever wondered how to repair your issues the fast way What happens once ive requested a callback from a nerdcore pc technology centre? When you complete your request a callback form, you can let us know your preferred contact day and time. Once you’ve submitted your form, a business expert from the Technology Centre that services your area will be in touch at the time you’ve nominated, so long as you’ve selected a date two business days or more in advance. Can i visit a technology centre in person? You can visit most Technology Centres if you’d prefer to speak with us in person. However, some locations provide phone consultations only. To discover Technology Centre that services your area, and whether it receives visitors, If i can't visit a Technology Centre, Can a business expert come to me? We may be able to come to you, depending on your business location and opening hours. To find out whether a business expert can visit you in person, request a callback or find your Technology Centre online so we can discuss how we can serve you best. Will my business get one point of contact at my technology centre? Yes, you'll be assigned one business expert who'll act as your account manager. You'll receive the direct phone number and email address of the individual managing your business account to help you stay in touch. If you need advanced technical support, you may be introduced to other experts who can further assist with your adapting needs. However, even in these scenarios, the technology advisor first assigned to your business will continue to manage your account. How should i prepare for my first conversation with a nerdcore technical engineer Author Nerdcore PC Date: 18/01/2025

We are now proud to announce the official release of the PC-3000 Portable PRO as part of our Data Recovery Tool Lab! ACE LAB PC PORTABLE PRO 3000 DATA RECOVERY TOOL Discover the newest advancements: Compatible with all drives : SATA/PATA/USB HDD, SAS HDD, SAS SSD, SATA (M.2 SATA/mSATA) SSD, M.2 PCIe NVMe/AHCI (Apple Macbook, Apple Macbook PRO A1706/1708, Intel Optane NEW, U.2/U.3 NEW, PCIe x16, CFexpress NEW) SSD, RAID, and logically damaged NAND Flash devices, SD/mSD cards 4 diagnostic ports  for simultaneous data recovery: 3 universal PCIe/SATA ports and 1 USB HOST port. Now you can handle 3 damaged PCIe SSDs  simultaneously Transferring data from one PCIe SSD to another at an astonishing speed! Next generation of Standalone Mode Touchscreen Updated GUI CPU upgrade Additional RAM and larger ROM capacity Oscilloscope  feature Additional improvements The first and only solution globally for handling damaged PCIe SSDs! TOP DATA RECOVERY TOOL The PC-3000 Portable PRO represents the latest advancement in the unique tool designed to recover the majority of data from nearly all types of storage devices, including SATA/PATA/USB HDD, SAS HDD/SSD, SATA (M.2 SATA/mSATA) SSD, M.2 PCIe NVMe/AHCI (such as Apple Macbook, Apple Macbook PRO A1706/1708, Intel Optane, U.2/U.3, PCIe x16, CFexpress) SSD, RAID systems, and logically damaged NAND Flash devices, as well as SD/mSD cards. BEST DATA RECOVERY TOOLS Standalone mode for onsite recovery We are now proud to announce the official release of the PC-3000 Portable PRO as part of our Data Recovery Tool Lab! Ace labs PC 3000 portable pro Data Recovery is now at nerdcore pc ACE LAB PC PORTABLE PRO 3000 DATA RECOVERY TOOL Discover the newest advancements: Compatible with all drives : SATA/PATA/USB HDD, SAS HDD, SAS SSD, SATA (M.2 SATA/mSATA) SSD, M.2 PCIe NVMe/AHCI (Apple Macbook, Apple Macbook PRO A1706/1708, Intel Optane NEW, U.2/U.3 NEW, PCIe x16, CFexpress NEW) SSD, RAID, and logically damaged NAND Flash devices, SD/mSD cards 4 diagnostic ports  for simultaneous data recovery: 3 universal PCIe/SATA ports and 1 USB HOST port. Now you can handle 3 damaged PCIe SSDs  simultaneously Transferring data from one PCIe SSD to another at an astonishing speed! Next generation of Standalone Mode Touchscreen Updated GUI CPU upgrade Additional RAM and larger ROM capacity Oscilloscope  feature Additional improvements The first and only solution globally for handling damaged PCIe SSDs! TOP DATA RECOVERY TOOL The PC-3000 Portable PRO represents the latest advancement in the unique tool designed to recover the majority of data from nearly all types of storage devices, including SATA/PATA/USB HDD, SAS HDD/SSD, SATA (M.2 SATA/mSATA) SSD, M.2 PCIe NVMe/AHCI (such as Apple Macbook, Apple Macbook PRO A1706/1708, Intel Optane, U.2/U.3, PCIe x16, CFexpress) SSD, RAID systems, and logically damaged NAND Flash devices, as well as SD/mSD cards. BEST DATA RECOVERY TOOLS                          Standalone mode for onsite recovery DATA RECOVERY PC 3000 PRO TOOLS Drive settings SMART view Oscilloscope function Oscilloscope function For advanced diagnosis of faulty drives. Hash sum calculations Hash-sum calculations when copying and reading data Sector View Sector view  In Standalone mode, in the "Diagnostics" section, the "Sector View" mode is added in hexadecimal and symbolic form. Now you can view the availability of data on the drive, MBR, GPT tables, bootable partition sectors, partition sectors, see if the data on the drive is encrypted, and much more! FOR ANY CHALLENGE The PC-3000 Portable PRO excels in both on-site and in-lab data recovery The PC-3000 Portable PRO enables swift and straightforward diagnosis of almost any storage media, identifies the cause of damage, creates images, and recovers the maximum amount of data possible.   Comparison between the new PC-3000 Portable PRO and the PC-3000 Portable III Comparative characteristics PC-3000 Portable III PC-3000 Portable PRO ROM 4 MB 16 MB RAM 1 GB 2 GB Displayed diagonal screen area 72 mm 100 mm Touch screen no yes Graphical user interface no yes Oscilloscope function no yes Power Supply Unit 90W 120W Main communication interface with the control computer USB 3.0 USB 3.1 Number of simultaneously operating ports 3 4 Number of simultaneously operating NVMe/PCIe drives 1 3 Diagnostic Port 0 PCIe/SATA  5V-3А, 12V-2,5А PCIe/SATA  5V-3А, 12V-2,5А Diagnostic Port 1 SATA  5V-2А, 12V-2,5А PCIe/SATA  5V-3А, 12V-2,5А Diagnostic Port 2 SATA  5V-2А, 12V-2,5А PCIe/SATA  5V-3А, 12V-2,5А Diagnostic Port USB (HOST) USB 3.0, 5V-2А USB 3.1, 5V-3А Support of Intel Optane SSD interface no yes Improved anti-interference ability of PCB no yes Ability to turn off and turn on the device from the touch screen button no yes                                                         Technical features Form factor:  External device (154х86х46 mm)   Interface type:  USB 3.1   Diagnostic ports:  USB 3.1 (Host), Port 0 (PCIe / SATA), Port 1 (PCIe / SATA), Port 2 (PCIe / SATA)   Power adapter:  4-channel independent power adapter with protection from overvoltage and current overloading, with current and voltage measurements   Operating temperature range:  0-40°C thanks to the Climate Control System   Power Supply:  120W External AC / DC 19 V   Number of active licenses:  2 (to install the software on both a desktop computer and a laptop)   Other:  Touch screen, non-volatile Memory to keep log files with date, time (GMT), username and settings which can be used in the reports later on.  The built-in lithium power supply ensures uninterrupted operation of the century-old calendar and world clock (UTC). data recovery tools pc 3000 portable pro hardware recommendations Recommended system requirements: CPU: Intel Core i5 (4 cores, 4 threats) or AMD Ryzen 5; RAM: 16 GB; Available disk space: 1TB HDD/SSD (for installation of software and HDD/SSD resources); Operating system: Windows 10, 11*, x86, x64; Display: Widescreen Full HD 1920x1080 display. Ports: USB 3.1 Type-A port for connection of PC-3000 Portable PRO (an Intel xHCI HOST controller is recommended); USB 3.1 Type-A or USB 2.0 port for PC-USB-TERMINAL connection. * with switched off Secure Boot State in BIOS/UEFI and disabled Windows Core Isolation

GlobeImposter Ransomware Decryption & Data Recovery Service Nerdcore Lab Data Recovery boasts extensive experience in the technical arena, providing you with the ideal guidance for restoring your PC. With Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery, you can always establish a cost-effective security system to ward off similar threats. We have the capability to recover data from all variants of PHOBOS and DHARMA ransomware (including, but not limited to: WALLET, PHOENIX, ADAGE, FRENDI, BANJO extensions). All our recoveries are guaranteed, or your money back! 1. No Data No Charge. We ensure your data recovery. 2. Global support with 24/7 customer service & recovery. 3. All our recoveries are conducted remotely and completed within 24-48 hours. hours. GlobeImposter Ransomware Decryption & Data Recovery Service Recovery Guarantee We have the tools, knowledge and resources to guarantee the recovery of your data. Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery We are available 24/7 for instant response. All recovery processes will begin immediately. Remote Service All recoveries are undertaken remotely. No need to send us your data. Ransomware Experts Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery is an established and trusted IT service provider worldwide. Our focus is to help clients recover from ransomware and provide cybersecurity to combat any future ransomware attacks. Expedited Service Get your data faster. Our data recovery experts will provide a recovery quote after assessing the complexity of your PHOBOS infection. Personalized Service A dedicated member of our team will guide you through every step of recovering your data, provide insight on the attack and help to secure your system. Frequently Asked Questions What is a Globelmposter Ransomware? GlobeImposter is a notorious ransomware that encrypts all files and data on the victim's machine. Once this is done, it demands a payment of 1 bitcoin in exchange for the unique decryption key. In the cybercrime community, GlobeImposter is referred to as “fake Globe” because it imitates the Globe family software. GlobeImposter ransomware is typically spread through “blank slate” email campaigns, which are spam campaigns featuring a single ZIP file. It can also infect your computer via malicious ads, fake updates, and exploits. Due to its versatile nature, the specific encryption algorithm used by GlobeImposter ransomware is unknown. It is strongly advised not to comply with the ransom demand and instead contact your cybersecurity experts immediately. Trends indicate that the attackers are unlikely to restore your files even if you pay the full amount. They may ignore your attempts to contact them or demand additional payment. The design of GlobeImposter ransomware is quite similar to other ransomware such as Satan, Cerber, and HakunaMatata. What is the Ransonware Recovery Process? Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery is the leading ransomware recovery firm located in Melbourne, Australia. We assist clients both nationally and internationally with a 24/7 ransomware recovery team . Our company possesses the resources, expertise, and experience for comprehensive ransomware data recovery, ransomware removal, and additional ransomware prevention. We recognize the importance of data and strive diligently to restore your business data as swiftly as possible. Most recoveries are finalized within 24-48 hours . For more details on the process of analyzing your ransomware variant and obtaining a recovery cost estimate, please visit How it works? We have a high success rate in recovering data from ransomware attacks including, but not limited to, Dharma, PHOBOS, Zepplin, Matrix, Globimposter, Stop/DJVU, Revil, Avaddon, Makop, Snatch, Lockbit, Netwalker, QNAP, etc., and we operate under a no data = no charge  policy for your peace of mind. For urgent  situations, choose the Priority Evaluation  option for a response time of 4-24 hours . GlobeImposter Ransomware Decryption & Data Recovery Service Why Choose Nerdcore PC Complete Assurance of Recovery from most ransomware types Technicians available around the clock to initiate recovery instantly Priority Data Recovery Service (90% of cases recovered within 48 hours) Based in Australia with 24/7 global support Free Evaluation or Priority Evaluation within 4-24 hours for urgent needs (most evaluations completed in 4-8 hours) No Obligation Fixed Pricing No Data, No Fee All recoveries conducted remotely (no data needs to be sent to us!) Ransomware Experts Advanced Ransomware Prevention and Security Audit to mitigate ransomware risks Established company with over a decade of data recovery expertise Thousands of satisfied clients International clients are welcome Should you Pay the Ransom? We advise against paying hackers, as the likelihood of retrieving your files is minimal. In some cases, hackers may disclose your company's personal information publicly if you contact them but fail to meet their ransom demands. It is highly recommended not to engage with them. Using an alternative email does not protect your identity, as each infection is linked to a unique code that identifies you. Feedback from customers who paid the ransom without involving a ransomware recovery company to recover without payment or at least negotiate if timely recovery is not possible reveals the following scenarios: 1. Hackers may demand additional money after the initial payment (a common trend). 2. The hacker's email often gets shut down by the email provider (once reported to the domain webmaster, their email is deactivated, affecting thousands of victims simultaneously, making this highly likely). 3. They might send a sample file, take your money, and then cease communication. 4. They may recover all or some of your files. If we are unable to recover from your specific type of ransomware or do so promptly, we can utilize our resources and expertise to obtain decryption while still offering a No Data No Charge policy for your peace of mind. For a risk-free recovery, submit an online case or speak with our ransomware specialist for assistance with PHOBOS Ransomware recovery. What Solutions Do We Offer? At Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery, we cater to both individuals and businesses seeking to recover their data following a ransomware attack. We have the resources, experience, and expertise to conduct comprehensive ransomware data recovery . Additionally, we offer ransomware removal  and ransomware prevention  solutions to safeguard you against future threats. RANSOMWARE PREVENTION & SECURITY AUDIT? Nerdcore LAB Recovery offers a comprehensive Ransomware Prevention and Protection service against Ransomware attacks. If the worst happens and you become infected with a RANSOMWARE, we advise that you disconnect the infected system from the network (we do not advice to shut down your system as this may corrupt your data or system files further and prevent a quick repair). DO NOT TRY TO REMOVE THE RANSOMWARE. By running Antivirus or Malware removal software you may cause further damage and make the encryption irreversible. Ransomware removal and the recovery of your valuable data should always be left to an experienced ransomware recovery expert. Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery has the knowledge, resources and expertise to recover your data and completely remove all known forms of ransomware and malware. In most cases, we manage to recover 100% of our customer’s encrypted data. Our data recovery process is quick, simple and entirely focused on restoring your valuable data and getting your business back on track as quickly as possible. Nerdcore LAB Data Recovery offers a comprehensive Ransomware Prevention and Security Audit to secure your network from further attacks Find the source of the attack to better protect your network Find & Destroy the ransomware on your server Find and destroy ransomware time-bomb, backdoor, key-logger trojans implemented by the perpetrators Full protection against all current know types of ransomware attacks. Protect your server from other common attacks used by hackers Check Registry for changes made by hackers Deep level scan from common hackers practices. Complete network and security audit to minimise risk – A full list of any recommendation will be sent in a detailed report to further prevent future attacks from other computers/devices on your network Best practices and solutions for protecting businesses from ransomware downtime Check your current backups and advise on best backup practices Check if your antivirus has adequate ransomware protection. Most antivirus’ fall short in protecting against Ransomware. Group Policy and Passwords audit and recommendations General IT recommendations if we feel it will improve your overall system/processes. (Optional but highly recommended) Full scan and prevention on your computers/laptops It is no longer a matter of if, but rather when your organisation will become the target of a data breach. As the threat landscape continues to expand, more doors have opened for threat actors to explore and attack putting businesses at risk of unauthorised access and loss of critical data. Receive Immediate Ransomware Assistance! We provide global support with round-the-clock customer service & recovery. Here are several ways to reach us. Consult an Expert Speak with a ransomware specialist at no cost to recover your data now! Get Assistance Immediately We are ready to support you and your business, so feel free to contact us!

Conclusion Blender is free and open-source 3D animation software with a strong set of modeling tools. For artists entering the world of 3D animation, Blender provides unrivaled access to tools and concepts you need to learn. Pros Comprehensive modeling tools Includes digital sculpting features Robust Cycles rendering engine Free and open-source software Cons Complex user interface Certain tools require paid add-ons UVs, animation, pipeline, and scene management tools need enhancement Blender Specs Price Is Free All Specs In 1998, NetZero embarked on a mission to provide free dial-up internet access to everyone. While the service was inconsistent and filled with ads, it remained free. The same year, Blender, a 3D modeling and animation software, was released online as freeware with a similar goal. Unlike NetZero, Blender has established itself as the leading free 3D animation software, competing with programs costing thousands of dollars. Beyond the positive message, those interested in Blender should consider a few questions before investing time in learning it. Who is Blender intended for? Is it possible to create professional-grade 3D art with it? Is Blender genuinely a great 3D tool, or is it, like NetZero, an example of getting what you pay for? Blender Free 3D modeling software for beginners review - Nerdcore Computers Blender is a robust 3D package for certain early stages in the professional 3D production pipeline, such as digital sculpting and 3D modeling. It's an appealing option for beginners exploring the world of 3D art. Professionals engaged in complete productions across all pipeline stages might prefer industry-standard options like Maya, our Editors' Choice for professionals, or Houdini, our Editors' Choice for special effects. How Much Does Blender Cost? Blender is entirely free and open source, supported by individual donations and a development fund. Major companies like AMD and Ubisoft have made significant contributions to support Blender. Free is an attractive price for beginners or anyone learning 3D modeling, especially considering the cost of major 3D modeling packages. For instance, Cinema 4D costs $94 per month or $719 per year. A Maya subscription is $225 per month, or $1,785 annually, though there are flexible licensing options using a new token system, or you can apply for a lower-cost indie license. Although Blender is free, you might want to buy add-ons to enhance its toolset. A popular add-on bundle is Hard Ops and Boxcutter by masterXeon1001 ($37), which allows artists to create hard-surface assets like an engine block. When designing with hard edges and sharp angles, specific modeling tools for these shapes are beneficial. Can My System Run Blender? Blender operates on Windows, macOS, and Linux. A minimum of 8GB of memory is required; however, 32GB or more is recommended. A 64-bit quad-core CPU with SSE2 support is needed for the processor. A graphics card with at least 2GB RAM is necessary; 8GB is recommended. A three-button mouse is required for input, though an artist's tablet, like a Wacom tablet or pen display, is advisable for brush-based tools like Blender's digital sculpting brushes.  BlenderFree 3D modeling software for beginners review - Nerdcore Computers Is Blender Right for You? Who is Blender most suitable for? The answer depends on your specific area of 3D animation and your career aspirations. If you want a free and accessible tool to begin 3D modeling, digital sculpting, or exploring 3D in general, Blender is ideal for you. As a 3D modeling software, Blender provides the necessary tools to create professional-quality 3D models. Users can also produce realistic renders using its powerful Cycles renderer. If you're a student aiming to create 3D models for your portfolio, Blender is an excellent choice. The professional 3D animation pipeline is complex, involving various disciplines that require a wide range of tools. Blender's capabilities in areas such as UVs (for texture mapping), animation, pipeline, and scene management could be enhanced. Additionally, the user interface is not very intuitive, with some menus not well-organized. Finding the right tool at the right time can be time-consuming. While you can assign hotkeys to all your commands, relying heavily on hotkeys while learning a complex 3D package makes Blender more challenging to learn compared to other 3D packages with more intuitive interfaces. Your career goals are also important to consider. If you're a hobbyist or a beginner, Blender is a great option to start creating in the 3D world. However, remember that Blender is not widely used in the 3D animation industry. If you aim to work in animation, most companies prefer artists with experience in industry-standard tools like Maya, ZBrush, and Houdini. You can start with Blender to learn the basics of 3D modeling and animation, but it's advisable to learn another package to enhance your resume. Getting Started With Blender Setting up Blender is easy. Download the installer from blender.org and follow the installation instructions. That's all! Since the software is free, there's no need to create an account or enter a license.  The selection of official tutorials by the developers is limited. However, due to its open-source nature, Blender has one of the largest user communities for 3D software, so there are plenty of helpful communities and YouTube tutorials available to help you get started with the software. Before you begin modeling and animating, Blender requires significant customization. The software heavily relies on add-ons, even for simple functions like accessing pie menus. Deciding which add-ons to use and which to skip, along with learning multiple hotkey sets, are some factors that make learning Blender a slow process for beginners. Blender's 3D Modeling Tools Blender provides a strong set of polygon—or poly —modeling tools. The Knife tool, for example, allows you to quickly slice a mesh, which is useful for introducing a continuous edge loop through multiple polygons. (If this sounds complicated, check out Blender's short video explaining the Knife.)  Blender enables users to control objects in both Object and Edit modes, allowing artists to add new primitives within Edit Mode. For instance, if I had a part and wanted to merge a cylindrical primitive, I could perform this operation entirely within Edit mode by creating the cylinder directly inside my existing part. This workflow avoids the tedious steps of creating a separate mesh, merging it, and cleaning up your mesh's naming conventions.  Blenders' scene collections provide a visual outline of all the objects in your scene Blender's scene collections offer a visual representation of all the objects in your scene, simplifying the process of finding, editing, deleting, and hiding them. You can effortlessly apply various operators to your mesh using modifiers. By stacking different modifiers, you can achieve more complex effects, easily copy and paste modifiers to other objects, and disable these effects whenever needed, ensuring a highly flexible 3D modeling workflow. Blender boasts a comprehensive set of poly modeling tools that enable you to craft any 3D asset at a professional standard. Blender's Sculpting Tools Blender's Sculpting Tools One of the most delightful aspects of Blender is its sculpting workspace. Blender offers a robust collection of digital sculpting tools, allowing you to complete the entire pipeline within a single package, eliminating the need to purchase separate sculpting software like ZBrush. Blender includes an impressive array of sculpting brushes that empower artists to craft a wide range of sculpting details. For instance, the Dyne Topo options allow you to increase the resolution of your mesh as you sculpt, ensuring consistently high-quality details. Blender's sculpting tools are solid, they are not as robust as  ZBrush's Blender's sculpting tools are reliable, but they don't match the robustness of ZBrush's. Blender's performance can falter with high polygon counts, making detailed sculpting like fine wrinkles and skin pores challenging without a powerful computer. ZBrush also offers a broader range of brushes and sculpting tools. However, for beginners in digital sculpting who aren't ready to invest in a paid program like ZBrush, Blender is a useful choice. You can always transition to ZBrush later. Blender Makes 3D Artistry Accessible At the end of the day, 3D packages are tools that bring your ideas to life. Blender Makes 3D Artistry Accessible Ultimately, 3D software serves as a tool to bring your creative visions to life. Blender excels at offering all the necessary tools to help you achieve this. Like any other 3D software, it has its strengths and weaknesses at various stages of the process—for instance, it's excellent for sculpting but less effective with extremely fine details. However, Blender's greatest asset isn't documented in manuals or found in tutorials. Its true strength lies in its accessibility. Similar to how NetZero championed free internet access in the early '90s, Blender has become a movement to ensure every artist has free access to 3D software. It's an excellent resource for students and beginners in 3D animation. For those pursuing a professional career, we suggest learning Editors' Choice winners Maya for a comprehensive experience and Houdini for special effects. No matter which 3D software you choose, Blender's commitment to accessibility is something all artists can admire.  French Gun Making Manufacturing Plant 1900s Author Nercdore Custom Computers Date: 20/01/2025

Azure Ai Open Service We are excited to reveal that the o1 model will soon be available on the Microsoft Azure OpenAI Service. This multimodal model introduces advanced reasoning features and enhancements that will greatly improve your AI applications and solutions. The o1 model accommodates both text and vision inputs, making it perfect for diverse applications ranging from complex problem-solving to contextual AI experiences. Customers Utilizing the o1 Model in Azure OpenAI Service Rohirrim: o1 Model Analysis “Remarkable” Rohirrim Inc. is a rapidly expanding AI startup that developed Rohan, a secure, knowledge-based generative AI platform tailored for Fortune 1000 companies and the Aerospace or Defense sectors. Rohan simplifies complex RFP responses by eliminating the need to navigate unstructured data, providing swift and precise answers in a company's distinctive voice. As a dedicated platform as a service (PaaS), it guarantees data control, high compliance, and minimal governance risk, boosting productivity and reducing burnout.  With o1, we've achieved a level of contextual comprehension and subtle analysis that is, quite honestly, remarkable. This advancement allows us to utilize AI for the complex, detail-oriented elements of proposal management, liberating human specialists to concentrate on higher-level, intuitive thought—the very type of insight and creativity that genuinely aids organizational growth. — Steven Aberle, CEO, Rohirrim Announcing the o1 model in Azure OpenAI Service: Multimodal reasoning with “astounding” analysis Wrtn Technologies: "Response accuracy has increased exponentially" Wrtn Technologies, known for its innovative methods and dedication to quality, offers AI-powered solutions. By utilizing the cutting-edge o1 model, Wrtn Technologies has transformed its digital presence and efficiency.  According to our metrics, the o1 model has exponentially increased our success rate in providing accurate answers to queries. — Dongjae “DJ” Lee, Chief Product Officer, Wrtn Technologies What you possess is an extremely powerful model, a highly advanced reasoner. It is capable of devising plans from the ground up to tackle intricate tasks. Additionally, there is an element of controllability through instruction following. You can also involve a human in the process to guide the model towards producing higher quality results. — Niko Grupen, Head of Applied Research, Harvey New o1 Model Features for Developers The o1 model presents a range of new features designed to enhance your reasoning-based development experience. While some features may be familiar from other models, others are unique to o1. These include: Vision Input : By incorporating vision input capabilities, o1 enhances its ability to process and analyze visual data, extracting valuable insights and producing comprehensive text outputs. Developer Messages : Similar to system messages in GPT models, developer messages allow for the transmission of instructions and context for specific use cases using the “role”: “developer” attribute. Reasoning Effort Parameter : This parameter lets you adjust the model’s cognitive load with low, medium, and high reasoning levels, providing more control over the model’s performance. 1-7626328139 Expanded Context Window : The o1 model now features an expanded context window of 200K tokens and a maximum output of 100K tokens, allowing for detailed and complex responses. Structured Outputs : o1 now supports structured outputs, simplifying the generation of well-defined outputs constrained by JSON schemas. Tools : You can use the o1 model output to generate inputs for your functions, similar to previous models. Lower Latency : On average, o1 uses 60% fewer reasoning tokens than o1-preview for a given request.  The introduction of tool support enhances agentic AI applications, enabling these models to plan, reason, and implement agentic tools to automate business processes. These new o1 features provide significant benefits to developers by improving customization, control, capacity, and insight into reasoning AI scenarios. Leveraging these advancements on Azure OpenAI Service ensures developers can utilize cutting-edge technology while maintaining enterprise-grade security and global compliance. Agility and Global Reach with Privacy and Security At Microsoft, we are committed to providing our customers with the latest OpenAI models with same-day access. The o1 model is no exception, offering advanced reasoning capabilities now available on Azure. Our service is designed to offer broad global reach, excellent local data options, and ensures data privacy and security. Global Reach and Local Data : Azure OpenAI Service offers 99.9% reliability with access in 28 regions, ensuring data residency and compliance with local regulations. Latest Innovations : We provide same-day access to the latest OpenAI models, keeping you ahead of the curve. Enterprise-Grade Security : Built-in security features, including private networking, managed identity, and Azure monitoring, protect your data. Developer-Friendly Integration : Seamless integration with GitHub, Visual Studio, and Copilot Studio makes it easy for developers to build and deploy AI solutions. Responsible AI : Our service includes built-in responsible AI features, such as content filters, prompt shields, and groundedness detection, supporting safe and ethical AI usage. New Features with o1 : The o1 model introduces developer messages, reasoning effort parameters, and extended response objects, enhancing functionality and customization for developers. Azure OpenAI Service is also introducing several new fine-tuning features, including support for the o1-mini model through reinforcement fine-tuning. This allows organizations to tailor AI models to their specific needs, enhancing performance and reducing costs. The service also introduces Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) for adjusting model weights based on human preferences, and Stored Completions for capturing and storing input-output pairs for fine-tuning. These advancements demonstrate a commitment to providing robust, flexible, and efficient AI solutions with Azure OpenAI Service.  Beyond these updates, we recently introduced a suite of developer-centric capabilities designed to enhance your AI development experience within your preferred environments, like GitHub and Visual Studio Code. With Azure AI Foundry, GitHub Models, the new Azure AI Agent Service, and built-in safety tools like evaluations and monitoring, developers can integrate advanced AI functionalities directly into their applications. These tools provide robust support for building, testing, deploying, and managing AI models, ensuring you have the flexibility and control needed to innovate and excel in AI systems you can trust. By leveraging these new features, you can streamline your workflows, improve efficiency, and unlock new possibilities in AI-powered development.  Join Us on This Journey We invite you to explore the capabilities of the o1 model and see how it can transform your business. With Azure OpenAI Service, you have access to the latest innovations, enterprise-grade security, and a global reach that ensures your data is private and secure. Join us on this journey and discover the potential of AI to drive your success.

Intel Core Ultra desktop processors (series 2) represent the pinnacle of desktop and entry workstation platforms, designed to deliver advanced intelligent performance for the most challenging everyday tasks.                                  Featuring Enthusiast-level performance per watt. New NPU for AI performance. Maximized connectivity & peripherals. Enthusiast-Level Power per Watt These processors are desktop powerhouses, featuring up to 24 cores with new P-core and E-core architecture, along with new overclocking1 features and performance technologies.                                  Built for Real-World Performance Up to 8  Next-Gen  P-Cores Up to 5.7 GHz Max Turbo Frequency2 Up to 16  Next-Gen  E-Cores Up to 4.6 GHz Max Turbo Frequency2 3 Optimized for AI and single- or limited-threaded application performance. Optimized for modern multi-tasking and multi-core performance per watt. Intel® Thread Director4 Optimizes workloads by helping the OS scheduler intelligently distribute workloads to the optimal cores. Intel Core Ultra Desktop Processors (Series 2) Product Brief                             Architecture Features NEXT-GEN P-core architecture NEXT-GEN E-core architecture NEW Integrated neural processing unit (NPU) NEW Xe LPG graphics architecture5 UPGRADED I/O UPGRADED Graphics architecture5 INCREASED CPU PCIe 5.0 lanes INTEGRATED Thunderbolt™ 4 technology                                  Platform Features UPGRADED Memory support (DDR5-6400)6 NEW Discrete Thunderbolt™ 5 port support with 80/120 Gbps bandwidth ADDITIONAL PCIe 4.0 capable ports NEW Core and memory overclocking features1 NEW Intel® Gaussian and Neural Accelerator 3.5 FEATURING Intel® Deep Learning Boost DP4A Powerful Overclocking and Optimization Technology1 Overclocking tuning controls have been resynthesized for Intel Core Ultra desktop processors (Series 2) New MCP designs provide opportunities to overclock die-to-die interfaces, while ratio granularity now offers 16.6 GHz increments for expert over clockers to maximize every bit of performance. Dual BCLK tuning gives users the ability to tune the compute and SoC die independently, while new OEM-defined voltage limits help prevent users from exceeding specified thresholds. Intel Extreme Memory Profile features DDR5 memory overclocking, while Intel® Extreme Tuning Utility brings dynamic CPU tuning, memory tuning, and performance monitoring. New NPU for AI Performance Neural nets are the new apps, and the AI accelerators in Intel® Core™ Ultra processors are designed to efficiently speed up the matrix multiplications at the heart of these neural networks.                                  NEW Integrated NPU and Xe LPG Graphics5 for AI Acceleration NEW NPU   (Neural Processing Unit) NEW Xe LPG Graphics Architecture GPU5 13 TOPS7 Featuring 4 Xe-Cores Up to 36 Total Platform TOPS7                                  Intel® Core™ Ultra Processors The Foundation of the AI PC High Throughput GPU Ideal for AI-accelerated digital content creation. Low Power NPU Ideal for sustained AI workloads and AI offload for battery life. Fast Response CPU Ideal for low-latency AI workloads. Introducing Intel’s First Desktop Processor for AI PC8 The AI PC is your customers’ gateway into the age of AI, featuring Intel® hardware, software, and technology that is purpose-built for AI workloads. AI PCs use Intel® Core™ Ultra processors, with the CPU, GPU, and NPU working together for optimal performance, efficiency, and security. Featuring:9 NEW support for AI-enhanced security McAfee Microsoft Defender Bufferzone Trend Micro Xcitium NEW Support for Client-Optimized LLMs Microsoft Phi-2 Day0 Phi-3 Support LLaMa2-7B Day0 LLaMa3-8B Support Mistral-7B Qwen 7B (PRC) ChatGLM3 6B (PRC) Broadest App Enablement Target 100+ ISV Applications Target 300+ AI Features for Productivity, Creativity, and Collaboration NEW Support for Local Personal Assistants Acer Sidekick Lenovo AI Now +More in pipeline Featuring the Latest Connectivity Technology  An AI PC is a connected PC, offering next-gen Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, the latest Thunderbolt™ technology, and numerous PCIe lanes.                                  FEATURES BENEFITS Integrated Wi-Fi 6E + Bluetooth® 5.3 Support Delivering supercharged Wi-Fi performance and the advancements of Bluetooth LE Audio to desktop. Discrete Intel® Wi-Fi 710 + Bluetooth® 5.4 Support The next stage in the evolution of wireless connectivity, Wi-Fi 7 is helping provide extreme speed, responsiveness, and reliability. Intel’s next-generation Bluetooth provides an extended range and quality for an enhanced user experience. Intel® Connectivity Performance Suite11 Acts as your built-in IT expert by continuously optimizing your Wi-Fi connection and prioritizing your business-critical applications. Thunderbolt™ 5 Technology Best-in-class wired connectivity solution for gamers and creators, with up to 120 Gbps of transmit bandwidth, dual 6K video capability, and 2x more bandwidth for external SSD and other tools. Thunderbolt™ 4 Technology Integrated Thunderbolt™ 4 technology offers the simplest, most reliable cable solution available for connecting to a wide variety of accessories while providing outstanding performance. Thunderbolt™ Share12 Offers users an easy, fast, and efficient way to do more with two PCs by sharing screens, keyboard, mouse, storage, and files with the speed of Thunderbolt™ technology. Expanded I/O Up to 20 PCIe 5.0 lanes and increased chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes. Intel® Killer™ Networking Delivers supercharged performance and enables seamless, immersive gameplay. Proof Points                                  Power Efficiency Office Productivity Performance per Watt Up to 44% lower processor power with an​  Intel® Core™  Ultra 9 processor (285K)​13 14 Up to 6% faster single-threaded performance on Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 processor (285K)​13 15​ Up to 41% lower processor power on Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 processor (285K)13 15​                                  More Performance Gen vs. Gen Gen vs. Gen Intel® Core™ Ultra Processor vs. Comp Up to 29% faster (est.) multi-threaded floating-point performance on Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 processor (285K)​16 17 Up to 19% faster max threads CPU profile performance on Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 processor (285K)​16 18 Up to 22% faster (est.) multi-threaded performance vs. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X ​19 20​                                  Groundbreaking AI Intel® Core™ Ultra processor vs. Comp Intel® Core™ Ultra processor vs. Comp Up to 15% faster AI performance with Audacity Dynamic Noise Suppression feature vs.​ AMD Ryzen 9 9950X​19 21 Up to 17% faster AI video editing performance using Topaz Video AI video editing vs.​ AMD Ryzen 9 9950X19 22                                  Made to Game Gen vs. Gen Intel® Core™ Ultra processor vs. Comp Up to 11% higher FPS with Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: Gathering Storm on Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 processor (285K)16 23 Up to 8% higher FPS with Hitman 3: Dartmoor vs. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X19 24 Features at a Glance                                  FEATURE BENEFIT Performance Hybrid Architecture25 Integrates two all-new core microarchitectures into a single die, prioritizing and distributing workloads to optimize performance. Intel® Thread Director4 Optimizes workloads by helping the OS scheduler intelligently distribute workloads to the optimal cores. NPU A neural processing unit is a processor built for handling AI & machine learning tasks. Select Intel® Core™ Ultra processors include a CPU, a GPU, and an NPU. TOPS7 Trillions of operations per second. A calculated technical specification of the theoretical maximum an AI accelerator can achieve if it is 100% efficient with software and workload. Intel® Graphics Featuring Xe LPG Graphics Architecture5 A purpose-built graphics architecture optimized for lower wattage and higher performance per watt. Rich media and intelligent graphics capabilities enable amplified visual complexity, enhanced 3D performance, and faster image processing.​ Intel® Smart Cache CPU memory caching method for sharing among P-cores, E-cores, and processor graphics if applicable. Intel® Extreme Tuning Utility (Intel® XTU)1 A precision toolset for tuning and overclocking, featuring processor overclocking, so that new and experienced users can get more from their unlocked processors. Intel® Extreme Memory Profile (Intel® XMP) 3.01 Allows users to overclock compatible DDR5 memory modules to enhance the gaming features built into PCs with Intel® Core™ Ultra processors. Intel® Speed Shift Technology Gives your CPU finer control over its frequency, allowing a fast jump up to its maximum clock speed. Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 Identifies the processor’s fastest cores and directs critical workloads to them as power, heat, and workload allow. Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 Accelerates processor and graphics performance for peak loads, automatically allowing processor cores to run faster than the rated operating frequency if they’re operating below power, current, and temperature specification limits. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology26 Power optimization tools that intelligently adapt power policies based on usage mode and temperature, with a new policy that determines and directs application resource optimization in real time. Intel® Application Optimization26 A software policy within Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology (DTT) that determines and directs application resource optimization in real-time. Intel® Deep Learning Boost Significantly accelerates inference performance for deep-learning workloads optimized to use VNNI. Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost Opportunistically and automatically increases clock frequency of select Intel® Core™ Ultra Desktop processors by up to 100 MHz if the processor is at a temperature of 70°C or lower and turbo power budget is available. Intel® Adaptive Boost Technology Intelligently boosts the processor to run faster than its rated frequency as power, heat, and workload allow. Intel® Gaussian and Neural Accelerator 3.5 Designed to process AI speech and audio applications such as neural noise cancellation while simultaneously freeing up CPU resources for overall system performance and responsiveness. Thunderbolt™ 5 Technology Next-generation universal cable connectivity for a simple, reliable connection that provides incredible performance. Thunderbolt™ 4 Technology An Intel-developed connectivity standard that delivers power, data, and a video signal over a single connection. The Thunderbolt™ technology certification establishes mandatory minimum requirements for cables, PCs, and accessories to help ensure greater reliability and interoperability across devices and vendors. Thunderbolt™ Share12 Unlocks ultra-fast PC-to-PC connectivity experiences. Discrete Wi-Fi 7 Support10 The next step in the evolution of wireless connectivity, helping provide extreme speed, responsiveness, and reliability.​ Intel® Connectivity Performance Suite11 Intel® Core™ Ultra Desktop Processors (Series 2) Product Brief K-SKUs Chart                                  Processor Brand String with Number27 Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 Processor 285K Intel® Core™ Ultra7 Processor 265K Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 265KF Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 245K Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 245KF Processor Cores (P+E)28 24 (8+16) 20 (8+12) 20 (8+12) 14 (6+8) 14 (6+8) Processor Threads 24 20 20 14 14 Intel® Smart Cache (L3, MB) 36 30 30 24 24 Total L2 Cache 40 36 36 26 26 Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost Frequency (GHz)2 Up to 5.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A View all Mainstream SKU Chart                                  Processor Brand String with Number27 Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 Processor 285 Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 265 Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 265F Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 245 Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 235 Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 225 Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 225F Processor Cores (P+E)28 24 (8+16)​​ 20 (8+12)​​ 20 (8+12)​​ 14 (6+8)​ 14 (6+8)​ 10 (6+4) 10 (6+4) Processor Threads 24 20 20 14 14 10 10 Intel® Smart Cache (L3, MB) 36 30 30 24 24 20 20 Total L2 Cache 40 36 36 26 26 22 22 Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost Frequency (GHz)2 Up to 5.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 Frequency (GHz)2 Up to 5.5 Up to 5.3 Up to 5.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A P-Core Max Turbo Frequency (GHz)2 Up to 5.4 Up to 5.2 Up to 5.2 Up to 5.1 Up to 5.0 Up to 4.9 Up to 4.9 E-Core Max Turbo Frequency (GHz)2 3 Up to 4.6 Up to 4.6 Up to 4.6 Up to 4.5 Up to 4.4 Up to 4.4 Up to 4.4 P-Core Base Frequency (GHz) 2.5 2.4 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 E-Core Base Frequency (GHz) 3 1.9 1.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 Unlocked1 No Processor Graphics5 Intel® Graphics Intel® Graphics N/A Intel® Graphics Intel® Graphics Intel® Graphics N/A CPU PCIe Lanes 24 Maximum Memory Speed (MT/s)6 DDR5 - 6400 Memory Channels 2 Maximum Memory Capacity6 192 Processor Base Power (W) 65 Maximum Turbo Power (W) 182 182 182 121 121 121 121 Reliability, Availability & Serviceability29 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Intel® SIPP30 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Intel® ISM2931 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Boxed Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes YesIntel® Core™ Ultra Desktop Processors (Series 2) Product Brief nerdcore computers ultra core packages Sitemap Architecture Features Platform Features Overclocking and Optimization technology New NPU for AI Performance SKU Chart Package Platform

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Tryx’s Panorama 360 offers industry-leading thermal performance and a one-of-a-kind wrap-around AMOLED screen that’s bound to draw attention. Nerdcore Computers Hardware Verdict         With its wrap-around AMOLED display and top-notch performance, the Tryx Panorama 360 may be the most remarkable and visually appealing liquid cooler on the market. It’s the Ferrari of AIOs, with a corresponding premium price of $1022 AUD.   Pros +6.5-inch wrap-around HD display +Leading thermal performance in the industry +Includes VRM fan with the CPU block +Comes with pre-installed thermal paste and a 2g tube Cons -Higher than average minimum noise levels -$1003.99 AUD Today, we’re examining a unique AIO cooler from a newcomer in the cooling industry: Tryx . Although the company began operations in February 2023, its team of 30 cooling specialists brings extensive experience.  The AIO under review is the Panorama 360 ARGB, featuring a 6.5-inch wrap-around AMOLED display that cleverly creates a “3D” effect. It’s equipped with Asetek’s 8th-generation liquid pump and three 120mm ROTA fans from Tryx.  There’s no doubt – it’s sure to make our list of top CPU coolers, but is it worth the $349.99 price?  Let’s quickly review the unit’s specifications before exploring its features and the benchmarks. Tryx Panorama 360 ARGB Review - Nerdcore Computers Cooler specifications Cooler Tryx Panorama 360 ARGB MSRP AUD$ 1022.00 Heatsink Material Aluminum Rated Lifespan Unlisted Socket Compatibility Intel Socket LGA 1851/1700/1200/115x AMD AM5 / AM4 Base Copper Average Maximum TDP (Our Testing) ~275W with Intel’s i7-14700K Installed Size (with fans) 55mm (H) x 120 mm (W) x 399.5mm (D) Warranty Cooler: 6 years AMOLED Screen: 2 years Packing and included contents The outside of the box features a minimalistic, but eye-catching design. But when you open up the box, it presents a stunning bright surprise. Underneath this bright flash of yellow, you’ll find the product we’re reviewing today and the boxes containing accessories required for installation. Water Cooling 360mm Thermal Trynx Panorama 360 ARGB Review Included with the cooler are the following: Three 120mm fans, pre-installed 2 grams of alpha-01 thermal paste 360mm radiator CPU block with integrated 6.5-inch AMOLED display and VRM fan Hardware ARGB and PWM controller Mounting for Intel and AMD platforms User manual Features of the Tryx Panorama ARGB 360 Eye-catching wrap-around 6.5-inch Anamorphic 3D AMOLED display Features of the Tryx Panorama ARGB 360 What sets this AIO apart from its competitors is its unique 6.5-inch AMOLED display with a resolution of 2240x1080 at 60Hz. This appears to be the largest display available on any AIO currently on the market and is undoubtedly the most striking. Features of the Tryx Panorama ARGB 360 Frankly, calling this display simply “eye-catching” doesn’t quite capture its impact. The pre-loaded visual options skillfully leverage the “true black” panel and the display’s curvature to produce a remarkable anamorphic 3D effect. A clip showcasing this effect is provided below, but it’s one of those experiences that truly needs to be seen in person to fully appreciate its impressiveness, as a 2D video doesn’t completely convey it. https://www.youtube.com/@nvelou Tryx Panorama 360 Media Guide To manage the display, you must download the Tryx’s Kanali software. You can configure the screen to show a selection of pre-loaded anamorphic 3D animations or upload your own media. You can also display various system statistics of your choice, as demonstrated in the product demo above. Tryx Panorama 360 Media Guide Tryx also offers a convenient video guide that showcases the features and usage of the Kanali software. ▶ 8th-generation Asetek liquid pump with built-in VRM fan The liquid flow of this AIO is driven by Asetek’s 8th generation liquid pump, which is topped with a built-in VRM fan. Tryx Panorama 360 Media Guide Typically, I refrain from directly copying and pasting information from the manufacturer in my reviews, except for product specifications. However, I've included a page from this product's media guide as it provides valuable information and a detailed cross-section photo of the Asetek pump and VRM fan. Tryx Panorama 360 ARGB Review - Nerdcore Computers Tryx Panorama 360 Media Guide Review  Pre-applied and a 2g tube of additional thermal paste The AIO comes with pre-applied thermal paste to ensure optimal performance. Additionally, Tryx provides a 2-gram tube of their high-performance alpha-01 thermal paste for future cooler installations. Tryx Panorama 360 Media guide review Available in ARGB or non-ARGB options The AIO version we are reviewing today features ARGB lighting on the included fans. However, if you prefer a "plain" version, Tryx also offers a model with grey-colored fans that lack lighting support. Tryx Panorama Media Guide ROTA Pro fans Tryx Panorama Media Guide A cooler involves more than just the heatsink or radiator. The fans that come with it greatly affect both cooling efficiency and noise levels, as well as the cooler's appearance in your case. The 120mm fans included in the model we're testing feature ARGB lighting and infinity mirrors, but there are also simple grey non-ARGB options available if you prefer to avoid bright lighting. Model ROTA Pro 120 Dimensions 120 x 120 x 25mm Fan Speed 500-2250 RPM ± 10% Air Flow Up to 81.32 CFM Air Pressure Up to 3.66 mmH2O Bearing Type FDB Lighting ARGB and non-ARGB variants available Dislikes about the Panorama 360 AIO 👎 Relatively high minimum noise levels Almost every feature of this cooler reflects high quality and performance, yet the lowest noise level I recorded—regardless of the settings—was around 41 dBA. While not inherently loud, this is high for a minimum noise floor, preventing a noise-normalized comparison test, as my standard is 38.9 dBA. 👎 High Price With a price tag of $1022 AUD, the Tryx is akin to the Ferrari of AIOs. Fortunately, like a Ferrari, it boasts not only striking aesthetics but also top-tier performance. Justifying $349 for a liquid cooler is challenging, but there's no other product on the market quite like Tryx’s Panorama 360 AIO. Testing Methodology and Differences from Competitors Regular readers of my reviews know I take several steps to ensure useful results. Firstly, I meticulously maintain the ambient temperature at 23 degrees Celsius during testing, rejecting results at 22 or 24C, even though theoretically, the difference is minimal.  Some reviewers test CPU coolers on an open bench to eliminate variables other than the cooler. However, this approach fails to replicate typical use scenarios, where an enclosed case results in a higher ambient temperature than the outside air, complicating the cooler’s task.  Others use a thermal plate instead of a CPU, which shares the drawbacks of open bench testing and fails to accurately mimic CPU heat. A thermal plate generally distributes heat evenly, with low thermal density.  CPUs, however, generate most heat in concentrated hotspots, making cooling more challenging. Older CPUs are also unsuitable for cooler testing due to their larger manufacturing processes, which may result in lower thermal density in hotspots. Limitations of CPU-only Testing While CPU-only load testing provides valuable insights, it doesn’t fully illustrate a cooler's performance. Many tasks, particularly gaming, stress both the CPU and GPU. To assess a CPU cooler's performance under these conditions, I conduct two tests—one with a light CPU load and another with a moderate CPU load, both alongside a full GPU load. Testing configuration – Intel LGA1700 platform CPU Intel Core i7-13700K Motherboard MSI Z790 Project Zero Case MSI Pano 100L PZ Black System Fans Iceberg Thermal IceGale Silent PSU Silverstone HELA 1300 Various elements besides the CPU cooler can impact cooling performance, such as the case you use and the fans installed within it. The motherboard of a system can also affect this, particularly if it suffers from bending, which leads to poor contact between the cooler and the CPU. To ensure bending does not affect our cooling results, we have installed Thermalright’s LGA 1700 contact frame in our testing setup. If bending affects your motherboard, your thermal results will be worse than those displayed below. Not all motherboards are equally affected by this issue. I tested Raptor Lake CPUs on two motherboards. While one exhibited significant thermal improvements after installing Thermalright’s LGA1700 contact frame, the other showed no change in temperatures at all! For more information, check out our review of the contact frame. LGA 1700 Installation 1. Place the CPU bracket against the rear of the motherboard. Secure it using the included standoffs. 1. Place the CPU bracket against the rear of the motherboard. Secure it using the included standoffs. Nerdcore computers tryx panorama 360 installation guide water cooler 2. Remove the screen from the CPU block, and then place the block against the standoffs. The Tryx cooler has pre-applied thermal paste, so you won’t need to manually apply it yourself. Secure it against the standoffs with the included thumbscrews. nerdcore computers tryx panorama 360 mm water cooler installation guide 2. Detach the screen from the CPU block and position the block against the standoffs. The Tryx cooler comes with thermal paste already applied, so there's no need to apply it manually. Fasten it to the standoffs using the provided thumbscrews. 3. Reattach the screen to the CPU block nerdcore computers tryx panorama 360mm water cooler installation guide review 4. I opted to connect the ARGB and PWM cords to my motherboard directly. However, if you prefer to use software control you may wish to use the included hardware ARGB and PWM hub provided by Tryx. 5. Attach the radiator to your case if you haven’t done so already, and power on the system! Nerdcore Computers Tryx Panorama 360 Water Cooler Guide

Mars' atmosphere is over 100 times thinner than Earth's. Mars' atmosphere: Facts about composition and climate Mars' atmosphere is more than 100 times thinner than Earth's and is mainly made up of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon gases.  Oxidized dust particles from the Martian surface fill the atmosphere, giving Mars' skies a rusty tan hue, according to NASA.  Water is present on Mars, but the atmosphere is too thin for it to remain in a liquid state on the surface for long. Instead, water on Mars is located beneath the surface of the polar regions as water-ice and also appears as seasonal briny water flows down hillsides and crater walls.  Despite its thin atmosphere, Mars still experiences a dynamic climate and extreme weather events, including impressive dust storms and even snow! However, Mars wasn't always like this. Scientists from NASA's MAVEN mission reported that Mars once had a thick atmosphere that could have allowed liquid water to exist on the surface for extended periods.  As per ESA, the atmosphere of Mars consists of 95.32% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and 0.13% oxygen. The surface atmospheric pressure is 6.35 mbar, which is more than 100 times lower than Earth's. Consequently, humans cannot breathe Martian air.  For human exploration of Mars, it is essential to devise a method to produce oxygen from the thin, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. An experiment on NASA's Perseverance rover has shown this is feasible. On April 20, 2021, the rover used its MOXIE (short for "Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment") to successfully transform carbon dioxide into oxygen on Mars. "MOXIE has more work to do, but the results from this technology demonstration are full of promise as we move toward our goal of one day seeing humans on Mars," stated Jim Reuter, associate administrator of NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate. Mars' atmosphere: Facts about composition and climate This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows the Bosporos Planum plain on the Red Planet. The white specks are salt deposits found within a dry channel, a clue to its watery past. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS In its early history, Mars possessed a sufficiently thick atmosphere for water to flow across its surface. NASA indicates that certain surface features imply Mars experienced massive floods approximately 3.5 billion years ago.  Images from orbit reveal extensive river plains and potential ocean boundaries, while several Mars rovers have discovered evidence of water-logged rocks on the surface, such as hematite or clay. Nevertheless, the Martian atmosphere became thinner for reasons that remain largely unknown.  Due to its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the sun, Mars is much colder than Earth. The average temperature on Mars is around minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 60 degrees Celsius), though it can range from minus 195 F (minus 125 C) near the poles in winter to a comfortable 70 F (20 C) at midday near the equator. Similar to Earth, Mars experiences four seasons, but the duration of each season varies more significantly than on Earth because of the Red Planet's eccentric orbit, as noted by NASA science.  A Year on Mars is almost twice as long as one on Earth. (Image credit: NASA) Length of seasons on Mars and Earth according to NASA Science. Season (Northern Hemisphere) Length of Martian season (sols) Length of Earth season (days) Spring 194 93 Summer 178 93 Autumn 142 90 Winter 154 89 Mars' ice caps, composed of water ice and carbon dioxide, expand and contract with the seasons. These seasonal variations impact Mars' atmosphere, functioning as a single interconnected system, as noted in a statement from ESA. "The lower and middle levels of Mars' atmosphere seem to be connected to the upper levels: a clear link exists between them throughout the Martian year," explains Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, a planetary scientist at the University of Leicester, UK.  "Every winter, up to a third of Mars' atmospheric mass condenses to create an icy layer at each of the planet's poles. In spring, some of this mass within the caps sublimates back into the atmosphere, causing the caps to visibly shrink," stated ESA. Giant dust devils frequently stir up the oxidized iron dust that covers Mars' surface. Dust is a constant component of the atmosphere, with higher levels in the northern fall and winter, and lower levels in the northern spring and summer. Mars' dust storms are the largest in the solar system, capable of covering the entire planet and lasting for months. These typically occur in the spring or summer.  The effects of a dust storm that blanketed Mars in 2018. The images were captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and show the large dust storm that enveloped Mars, causing NASA's Opportunity rover to lose contact with Earth.  (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS) These dust storms can disrupt Mars exploration missions and even halt flights (yes, Earth isn't the only place where flights can be delayed due to bad weather!). NASA's Ingenuity Mars helicopter was scheduled for its 19th flight on the Red Planet on January 5, 2022, but a dust storm near Jezero Crater changed those plans. "Most notably, there was a sharp decline in air density — about a 7% deviation below what was observed before the dust storm," stated Jonathan Bapst and Michael Mischna from Ingenuity's weather/environment team. "This decrease would have pushed the density below the safe flight threshold, posing undue risk to the spacecraft. We also noticed the impact of dust on the amount of sunlight absorbed by Ingenuity's solar array, which dropped significantly below normal 'clear sky' levels, by about 18%." Over a month passed before Ingenuity was cleared to fly again, successfully completing its 19th flight on February 8, 2022. Related stories: – ExoMars: Searching for life on Mars – How long does it take to get to Mars? – Distance to Mars: How far away is the Red Planet? One theory for why dust storms can become so large on Mars begins with airborne dust particles absorbing sunlight, warming the Martian atmosphere around them. Warm air moves toward cooler areas, creating winds. Strong winds lift more dust from the ground, further heating the atmosphere, increasing wind, and raising more dust. A 2015 study also suggested that Mars' momentum — influenced by other planets — triggers planet-wide dust storms when its momentum peaks early in the dust storm season. Occasionally, it even snows on Mars. Martian snowflakes, composed of carbon dioxide rather than water, are believed to be tiny particles that create a fog effect rather than falling snow. The north and south polar regions of Mars are covered by ice, mostly made from carbon dioxide, not water. (Image credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center) At a certain point in its history, Mars lost a significant portion of its atmosphere, changing from a warm, wet planet to the cold, dry plains we observe today, ESA stated. Mars' atmosphere continues to "leak" into space, but how does this occur?  Mars' atmosphere: Facts about composition and climate   The prevailing theory is that Mars' weak gravity, combined with its absence of a global magnetic field, made the atmosphere susceptible to the solar wind's pressure, which is the continuous stream of particles emitted by the sun. Over millions of years, this solar pressure removed the lighter molecules from the atmosphere, causing it to thin. This process is being studied by NASA's MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) mission. Some researchers suggest that a massive impact by a small body might have also stripped away the atmosphere. How and why might the composition of Mars's atmosphere change periodically (for instance, over the course of a day, seasonally, etc.)? Mars's atmosphere undergoes changes throughout the day because the ground becomes extremely cold at night, reaching temperatures as low as minus 160°C. At these frigid temperatures, both major and minor atmospheric components may condense (as snow or frost) or adhere to soil particles more than they do at warmer temperatures. Due to varying condensation temperatures and "stickiness," the composition can alter significantly with temperature changes.  During the day, as the ground heats up, gases are released from the soil at different rates until the following night. It is logical to assume that similar processes occur seasonally, as water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) condense as frost and snow in large quantities at the winter pole while sublimating (evaporating directly from solid to gas) at the summer pole.  The situation becomes complex because it can take a significant amount of time for gas released at one pole to reach the opposite pole. Many species may adhere more strongly to soil grains than to ice of the same composition, making diurnal changes potentially more impactful than seasonal changes for those chemicals.  Seasonal variations alter the global air pressure on Mars and affect which gases are present in the atmosphere. On Mars, air pressure can vary globally by ±8% depending on the season. Consequently, there isn't a specific location, time of day, or season that accurately represents the complete composition of Mars' atmosphere. Additionally, sunlight influences atmospheric chemistry through solar ultraviolet light breaking down CO2 and H2O molecules, which then react in new ways. As a result, the fluctuating pressure and amounts of H2O and CO2 affect the abundance of carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), and other trace species. Why do scientists think that Mars used to have a much thicker atmosphere? The most evident reason to believe that Mars once had a much denser atmosphere is the presence of clear signs of water erosion across the planet, indicative of processes that occur on Earth but are not possible on Mars in its current state.  There are river channels, eroded valleys, and rocks shaped into round river cobbles deposited at valley ends, consistent with how rivers lay down rocks. More has changed than just the water amount. Currently, a surface puddle of liquid water would quickly evaporate, or freeze and then sublimate, due to the extremely low air pressure. For water to have once flowed abundantly and pooled, the air pressure had to be significantly higher.  Rovers have found salt minerals on the surface layered in patterns similar to how salty water forms lakes on Earth, which evaporate over long periods in areas like the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea, and in completely dried lakes such as salt flats in the American West, Africa, and many other locations. From orbit, we have observed "bathtub rings" in large surface depressions and identified minerals that only form when materials dissolve in water and have time to react and accumulate in substantial quantities. We lack a precise estimate of how much denser the atmosphere once was. A significant clue lies in the isotopes of atmospheric gas atoms. Atoms in gases have different versions, known as isotopes, which share the same number of protons and electrons but differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Carbon has two stable isotopes, while oxygen has three stable isotopes.  The current ratio of stable isotopes depends on the initial ratio when the planet formed and how it changed over time as heavy or light isotopes (with more or fewer neutrons) were removed from the atmosphere by chemical processes to form solids or escaped into space. Hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon atoms are enriched in heavy isotopes, suggesting significant gas loss to space, which removes light isotopes faster than heavy ones. Carbon and oxygen, which constitute the main atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), present a more complex picture.  Data from the Phoenix lander and Curiosity rover indicate an enrichment of heavier isotopes, but these findings do not align with each other or with Viking measurements from the 1970s, which showed no enrichment. We need to determine the current isotope ratios, what they were in the distant past, and the rate at which each isotope type is lost from the atmosphere. With this information, we can estimate the amount of atmosphere lost and, consequently, how much atmosphere Mars once had. This will be a gradual and challenging process of refining measurements, engaging in debates, enhancing understanding, and comparing results from various methods to uncover the truth. Another set of measurements, made by telescope from Earth, suggests that the relative amount of heavy isotopes in CO2 varies with ground temperature throughout the day. I interpreted these measurements as indicating that heavy versions of CO2 adhere more effectively to soil grains at lower temperatures than light isotopes, causing isotope ratios to fluctuate during the day, nearing the true value of heavy isotope enrichment when the ground is warmest. This might explain why previous measurements do not agree, as they were taken at different times, under varying climate conditions, and in different seasons. However, my interpretation could be incorrect.  The telescopic measurements need validation through other measurements, both from Earth and on Mars's surface, to determine if this is a genuine process, a routine occurrence, or a misinterpretation of the data. A strong argument against my interpretation is that laboratory measurements have yet to show any process effective enough to cause the observed changes. Additionally, we lack data to confirm a significant seasonal effect on atmospheric isotope ratios on Mars. There likely isn't one, as lab measurements indicate that freezing pure CO2 ices does not significantly alter isotope ratios in the remaining gas. However, this might not hold true in the complex environment of a planet's surface. Besides thickness, how might Mars's atmosphere differ from when it was a more Earth-like planet? Mars once resembled a more Earth-like planet, similar to ancient Earth, with a CO2-rich atmosphere and no free oxygen, featuring extensive oceans that might have been frozen much of the time. We do not know exactly which chemicals were present in Earth's atmosphere besides CO2, N2, and H2O before the rise of oxygen-producing photosynthesis that drastically changed Earth's atmosphere. Gases like methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), sulfur-bearing gases, and others uncommon today might have been present. These gases are not seen in Mars's atmosphere today, but they could have existed in the past. The Sun has gradually increased in brightness, meaning Mars and Earth had less sunlight a few billion years ago but more CO2 to retain heat. Mars likely had exposed lakes and oceans and experienced rain.  Given the uncertainty about Earth's atmosphere when it was younger and "less Earth-like," it is challenging to speculate on Mars's ancient atmosphere. Earth is particularly difficult to study due to constant chemical and weathering processes and plate tectonics reshaping its surface over billions of years, with minerals reacting with the atmosphere, sinking to the ocean floor, and being buried by tectonics. As we gather more information about Mars, it might become our best reference for what Earth was once like, as Mars's water chemistry and plate tectonics ceased long ago, preserving the rocks for examination. How can scientists learn more about what the Martian atmosphere used to be like? Rocks hold the memory. Many rock types form only at the surface, where water dissolves minerals and the atmosphere, allowing them to react and form new compounds that condense into new minerals. On Earth, examples include limestones (carbonate minerals) and many iron-bearing minerals.  The Perseverance rover mission aims to collect surface rock samples at the mouth of an ancient river by drilling into streambed rocks to extract core samples. The exterior of these rocks has been altered by the modern Martian environment, but the interior reflects the chemical conditions during formation, including the rate of chemical reactions (a thermometer), dissolved substances in the water (including the atmosphere), and isotope ratios for different elements.  Perseverance deposits these samples in sealed containers. In the next decade, a series of spacecraft will retrieve the samples from Mars's surface, launch them into Mars orbit, and bring them back to Earth. This ambitious and complex mission involves many unprecedented events. Much of what we need to explore ancient Mars exceeds the capabilities of instruments small, light, and efficient enough for spacecraft. We need these samples returned to Earth to utilize the wide array of instruments available here for comprehensive study.

Granzon empowers you to reach your highest performance levels and craft breathtaking visuals. We continually push the limits of innovation, and our products stand unmatched in quality. Our offerings are an ideal fusion of art and technology. The Granzon G20 is a premium computer case with a distinctive design, featuring a motherboard tray that functions as a Distro plate. This design allows for a greater volume of coolant, ensuring your computer operates at optimal temperatures. The expansive collection areas also enhance visual appeal, making the Granzon G20 ideal for showcasing your high-end setup. Features Multi-Port Design Varied Motherboard Support Designed for Liquid Cooling Huge Distro Plate Motherboard Tray Specifications Brand: Granzon Dimensions: 535mm (Height) x 485mm (Width) x 373mm (Depth) Compatibility Motherboard Support: E-ATX (305mm x 280mm) / ATX (305mm x 244mm) / ITX (170mm x 170mm) / MATX (244mm x 244mm) Power Supply Support: ATX ( 244mm x 244mm) Radiator Support: 3x 360mm w/ 30mm radiator Drive Support: 2x SSD Parts Included 1x Granzon G20 chassis (does not include a DDC pump) All tubing/fittings and accessories shown in pictures are not included. Warnings Additional images may display hardware or cooling parts to illustrate potential configurations and are NOT part of the purchase. This product is intended for self-installation. The manufacturer is not responsible for any damages caused by misuse, such as incorrect installation or the use of unsuitable hardware or fluids. By using this product, you assume all associated risks. Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Unleash the power of cooling with Bykski's Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case. Built for E-ATX, this sleek, black powerhouse confidently supports ATX PSUs, features 2 2.5 bays, and offers 3 spots for 360mm radiators. Experience peak performance without the heat! Attributes 120mm Radiator Mounts 0 140mm Radiator Mounts 0 2.5 Bays 2 240mm Radiator Mounts 0 280mm Radiator Mounts 0 3.5 Bays 0 360mm Radiator Mounts 3 480mm Radiator Mounts 0 5.25 Bays 0 BTF Compatible No Colour Black Form Factor Open Frame Included PSU No PSU Sizes Accepted ATX Window Non Price $ 1599.00 Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Price $ 1599.00 Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Price $ 1599.00 Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Price $ 1599.00 Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Price $ 1599.00 Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Bykski Granzon G20 Distro Water Cooling Case Price $ 1599.00

Blue Screen errors, also known as bug checks , STOP code errors , kernel errors , or BSOD errors , can happen when a critical issue forces Windows to shut down or restart unexpectedly to prevent data loss. You may encounter a message stating, "Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer" or something similar. Blue Screen of Death A hardware device, its driver, or software might have caused this error. To help determine the cause, the blue screen error might display a STOP code, such as PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA. When it's available, the module name of the code that was being executed is also listed after "What failed:".  Resolving Blue Screen errors in Windows Basic Troubleshooting Steps for Blue Screen Errors Remove any new hardware.  If you added new hardware to your PC before the error, shut down your PC, remove the hardware, and try restarting. Start your PC in safe mode.   If you're having trouble restarting, you can start your PC in safe mode. See Start your PC in safe mode in Windows  for details. From safe mode, you can try the remaining troubleshooting steps. Check the Device Manager.  Right-click the Start  button and select Device Manager .  Check to see if any devices are marked with the exclamation point (!). Right-click the device and select Update driver .  If updating the driver doesn’t help, try disabling or uninstalling the device. Check for sufficient free space on the hard drive.   The operating system and some applications require sufficient free space to create swap files and perform other functions. Based on the system configuration, the exact requirement varies, but it's a good idea to have 10% to 15% of free space available. Install the latest Windows Updates. To check for updates, select Start  > Settings  > Windows Update , then select Check for updates .  Try the Blue Screen Troubleshooter.  In Windows, open  Get Help . In the Get Help app, type  Troubleshoot blue screen error . Follow the guided walkthrough in the Get Help app.​​​​​​​  Resolving Blue Screen errors in Windows Note:  If you're not on a Windows device, you can run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter on your browser by going to Contact Microsoft Support  and typing Troubleshoot blue screen error .  Then follow the guided walkthrough under "Recommended Help". Restore Windows .  If none of these steps help, try restoring Windows using a system restore point, or one of the other options listed at Recovery options in Windows .  Choose the recovery option that most closely matches your scenario. In-Depth Solutions for Resolving Blue Screen Errors Examine the Event Viewer.   Review the system log within the Event Viewer for additional error messages that could identify the device or driver responsible for the error. For further details, see Open Event Viewer. Search for critical errors in the system log that happened at the same time as the blue screen. Execute the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool.  Enter  Memory in the search box, then choose  Windows Memory Diagnostic .‌ Once the diagnostic has completed, check the results in the Event Viewer under the system log. Find the  MemoryDiagnostics-Results  entry to see the results. Memory Dump Analysis.   IT experts and developers may attempt to conduct a memory dump analysis.  For more information and additional advanced troubleshooting techniques, refer to Advanced troubleshooting for stop or blue screen errors. Windows startup settings Applies To You may need to adjust Windows startup settings to resolve issues, enhance startup processes, or change the system's boot behavior for specific purposes. For instance, a typical troubleshooting option is to activate Safe Mode , which launches Windows in a minimal state, starting only essential services and drivers. If the issue does not occur in safe mode, you can rule out default settings, basic device drivers, and services as potential causes. Other startup settings include advanced features designed for system administrators and IT professionals. This article explains how to change Windows startup behavior and the options available. Change startup settings Note:  If you’ve encrypted your device, you’ll need your BitLocker key to complete this task. If you don’t know your BitLocker key, see Find your BitLocker recovery key . Access the Windows Recovery Environment Once in Windows RE, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings  > Restart advanced blue screen of death troubleshooting steps advanced blue screen of death troubleshooting steps advanced blue screen of death troubleshooting steps Windows 11 blue screen of death startup troubleshooting Startup settings list Below is a list of startup settings available for selection. To choose one, use the number keys or function keys F1-F9: Activate debugging.  Launches Windows in an advanced troubleshooting mode designed for IT experts and system administrators. Enable boot logging.  Creates a file, ntbtlog.txt, that lists all the drivers that are installed during startup and that might be useful for advanced troubleshooting Enable low-resolution video. Starts Windows using your current video driver and using low resolution and refresh rate settings. You can use this mode to reset your display settings Enable Safe Mode. Safe mode starts Windows in a basic state, using a limited set of files and drivers. If a problem doesn't happen in safe mode, this means that default settings and basic device drivers aren't causing the issue. Observing Windows in safe mode enables you to narrow down the source of a problem and can help you troubleshoot problems on your device Safe Mode with Networking.  Safe Mode with Networking adds the network drivers and services you'll need to access the internet and other computers on your network Safe Mode with Command Prompt.  Starts Windows in safe mode with a command prompt window instead of the usual Windows interface Disable Driver Signature Enforcement. Allows drivers containing improper signatures to be installed Disable early launch anti-malware protection .   Early launch anti-malware protection (ELAM) is a security feature in Windows that allows anti-malware software to start before all other third-party components during the boot process. ELAM ensures that the system does not initialize unknown boot drivers that could be malicious. Select this option to temporarily disable ELAM Disable automatic restart on system failure. Prevents Windows from automatically restarting if an error causes Windows to fail. Choose this option only if Windows is stuck in a loop where Windows fails, attempts to restart, and fails again repeatedly ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​You can press Enter to start Windows normally. What if Windows keeps booting in Safe Mode?  Restarting your device should be sufficient to exit from Safe Mode back into normal mode. However, if for some reason your device is still booting into Safe Mode, try this: Press the  Windows key  +  R In the  Open box, type msconfig and then select  OK Select the  Boot  tab Under Boot options , clear the Safe boot  checkbox If you would like to know more information about why the blue screen of death is caused go to the following page. https://www.1300nerdcore.com.au/post/what-causes-the-blue-screen-of-death

Complex numbers In quantum computing, complex numbers are used to represent the state of qubits and the operations that are performed on them. A qubit is a two-state quantum system that can exist in a superposition of two states simultaneously. Its state is represented by a pair of complex numbers that describe the probability that the qubit will be found in a particular state when a measurement is made. In addition to representing the state of qubits, complex numbers are used to represent the quantum gates that perform operations on qubits. Gates are typically represented by unitary matrices, which are complex matrices that preserve the inner product of vectors. Unitary matrices correspond to rotations and other operations that can be performed on qubits. Explore quantum - Quantum math Linear algebra Linear algebra plays a fundamental role in quantum computing The use of complex numbers allows quantum computing to take advantage of quantum interference and entanglement, which are key features of quantum mechanics. By manipulating the probability amplitudes of qubits using quantum gates, quantum algorithms can perform certain calculations much faster than classical algorithms. Explore quantum - Quantum math Linear algebra Linear algebra plays a fundamental role in quantum computing and provides a powerful mathematical framework for understanding the behavior of quantum systems. Quantum systems are described using a mathematical object known as a state vector or a wavefunction, which lives in a high-dimensional vector space. Linear algebra provides the tools necessary to manipulate and analyze these state vectors, which in turn allows us to design and implement quantum algorithms. Here are some specific examples of how linear algebra is used in quantum computing: Quantum gates – the equivalent of classical logic gates – perform operations on qubits such as rotations and phase shifts. Quantum gates can also be used to entangle qubits. These gates are, in fact, unitary operators that act on the state vector of the qubit. Gates are represented as matrices, which are typically 2x2 or 4x4 complex-valued matrices, that must satisfy certain mathematical properties to ensure that they preserve the probability amplitudes of the quantum states. Many quantum algorithms, such as Shor's algorithm, use linear algebraic techniques to achieve their computational speedup. For example, Shor's algorithm for factoring large integers relies on the ability to efficiently perform modular exponentiation, which can be formulated as a linear algebra problem involving matrices over a finite field. One of the major challenges in building practical quantum computers is the high susceptibility of quantum systems to environmental noise and decoherence. Quantum error-correction is based on linear algebraic techniques and is used to mitigate these effects. Quantum error-correcting matrices act as projectors that can detect and correct errors in the state vector of a quantum system. More information on Quantum Computing on this following post https://www.1300nerdcore.com.au/post/explore-quantum-computing

Fix Blue Screen of death windows microsoft Unlike its name suggests, the blue screen of death doesn’t always mean the worst for your computer. However, it can still be a frustrating issue to solve, especially if you’re not well-versed in troubleshooting. Whether you’re a seasoned computer user or a novice, understanding the BSOD is essential for maintaining a healthy and functional PC. Keep reading to learn what causes the blue screen of death and how you can fix it. What Causes the Blue Screen of Death? What is the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)? Also known as an error code, stop error, or black screen, the blue screen of death has many names, but its meaning is quite easy to understand. When you see this bad error notification, it means your Windows 11 operating system has encountered a critical error. This causes your computer to interrupt normal operations and restart itself so it can attempt to provide computer troubleshooting. What's the reason behind the bluescreen of death? Any problem that causes Windows 11 to stop running safely can all of sudden start the blue screen of death. These problems can vary from very critical ones that need professional troubleshooting  to relatively small ones that you can solve independently. Usually, they’re related to either software or hardware driver issue. Other common causes of the BSOD include: Fault with hardware device drivers Graphic card issues - thermal temperature sensors that have stopped working Overheating caused by fracture or rupture of components due to dust build up Malware attached to system registry Malfunctioning apps that have corrupted Incompatible updates that have not installed correctly How to Fix Blue Screen Errors It’s natural to feel panicked when facing an unexpected BSOD. After all, you wouldn’t want anything detrimental to happen to your device or its data. Luckily, you can regain control relatively quickly with the right knowledge and approach. Here are a few steps to follow to try and fix the problem. What Causes the Blue Screen of Death? 1. Identify the Stop Code You can’t fix a problem without knowing what it is. The BSOD will list a stop code on the screen, and it’s essential that you take note of this. It’ll give you important information on how to diagnose and solve the problem. On recent versions of the BSOD, you can scan the QR code to go straight to Microsoft support. 2. Put Your Computer Into Safe Mode Putting your computer in safe mode  will set Windows into a basic state that only uses essential processes and drivers. If the problem stops occurring, that means it’s not caused by any default settings or basic device drivers, giving you more room to identify the issue and fix it without repeatedly crashing. 3. Check for Windows Updates Sometimes, Microsoft releases patches to address BSOD-causing issues, so be sure to check for them. In fact, checking for operating system updates should be a regular task as it can help prevent a variety of problems, from security flaws to performance issues and more. 4. Update Device Drivers immediately Your operating system may have problems if you don’t keep your drivers up to date, so remind yourself to remove outdated drivers in order to guarantee compatibility. You can visit your computer’s manufacturer’s website to download the latest driver updates. 5. Use System Restore to take it back at least one week If you’ve installed something new onto your computer, you can use system restore to roll the system software back to its previous state. You can also undo updates by using the Windows control panel. If you haven’t recently made an update, you can try restoring the system to a date when you know it was working properly, but this is usually recommended as a last step. Nerdcore Computer Troubleshooting and Repair Near You Whether the BSOD got the best of you or you’d simply rather have someone else handle it, Computer Troubleshooters has you covered. We have a team of expert technicians equipped with the right solutions for all of your troubleshooting and repair needs. From computers, laptops, servers, and networks, we can fix it all! Find a location  near you to learn more. Blue Screen of death solution - Call 1300637 326 Author Nerdcore Computer Troubleshooters Phone: 1300 637 326 address : g03 / Willesden road hughesdale 3166 Victoria Australia Nerdcore computers is now also available to service all of Country Victoria. Check out all the suburbs we service in rural country victoria. https://www.1300nerdcore.com.au/post/who-repairs-computers-in-country-victoria You can also check this post on resolving blue screen errors in Windows https://www.1300nerdcore.com.au/post/resolving-blue-screen-errors-in-windows

To understand universal gate sets in quantum computing it is important to understand the concepts of Turing machines and Turing completeness. These concepts were defined in the work of the great Alan Turing and provide a theoretical foundation for understanding what is computable and what is not. A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a hypothetical computing machine that can perform any computation that can be performed by a computer. A Turing-complete set of instructions refers to a set of operations that can be used to simulate any algorithm that can be computed by a Turing machine. These typically include basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as conditional statements such as if-then-else and loops.  Turing completeness  refers to the ability of a programming language or computational system to perform any computation that can be performed by a Turing machine. A language or computational system is said to be  Turing complete  if it can simulate a Turing machine, which means that it can perform any computation that can be performed by a Turing machine.                                 Universal gate sets in quantum computing In quantum computing, the concept of a universal gate set is analogous to the idea of a Turing-complete set of instructions in classical computing. Just as a Turing-complete set of instructions can be used to implement any classical algorithm, a quantum computer that implements a universal gate set must be able to solve any quantum algorithm to a specified level of accuracy. In other words, by combining the operations available in a universal gate set in the correct sequence, a quantum computer can solve any problem that is computable.  There are several universal gate sets in quantum computing. In general, a universal gate set for a quantum system requires a combination of single-qubit gates and multi-qubit gates. The specific set of gates depends on the architecture of the quantum system. One example of a universal gate set is the set of T gate, Hadamard gate, phase gate, and CNOT gate. Another combination is a Toffoli gate and a Hadamard gate.  Universal gate sets must be able to approximate any unitary operation to arbitrary precision. A unitary operation takes an input state and produces an output state, with the property that the input state can be recovered from the output state using the inverse of the unitary operation. Mathematically, a unitary operation is a linear transformation that preserves the inner product of quantum states and corresponds to a reversible quantum operation. Explore quantum Computing Similar to how classical operations are implemented using smaller components like NAND or NOR gates, quantum computing unitaries are implemented using smaller single-qubit and few-qubit operations.  In general, the ability to implement a universal gate set is an important criterion for the design of quantum hardware as it enables the hardware to perform a wide variety of tasks. However, implementing a universal gate set across a large number of qubits can be challenging as errors in individual gates can accumulate and cause errors in the overall computation. This is one of the key challenges that quantum error correction and fault tolerance seek to solve and will be essential for scaling up quantum computing to larger systems. Universal gate sets in quantum computing Universal gate sets in quantum computing In quantum computing, the concept of a universal gate set is analogous to the idea of a Turing-complete set of instructions in classical computing. Just as a Turing-complete set of instructions can be used to implement any classical algorithm, a quantum computer that implements a universal gate set must be able to solve any quantum algorithm to a specified level of accuracy. Explore quantum Computing In other words, by combining the operations available in a universal gate set in the correct sequence, a quantum computer can solve any problem that is computable.  There are several universal gate sets in quantum computing. In general, a universal gate set for a quantum system requires a combination of single-qubit gates and multi-qubit gates. The specific set of gates depends on the architecture of the quantum system. One example of a universal gate set is the set of T gate, Hadamard gate, phase gate, and CNOT gate. Another combination is a Toffoli gate and a Hadamard gate.  Universal gate sets must be able to approximate any unitary operation to arbitrary precision. A unitary operation takes an input state and produces an output state, with the property that the input state can be recovered from the output state using the inverse of the unitary operation. Mathematically, a unitary operation is a linear transformation that preserves the inner product of quantum states and corresponds to a reversible quantum operation. Similar to how classical operations are implemented using smaller components like NAND or NOR gates, quantum computing unitaries are implemented using smaller single-qubit and few-qubit operations.  In general, the ability to implement a universal gate set is an important criterion for the design of quantum hardware as it enables the hardware to perform a wide variety of tasks. However, implementing a universal gate set across a large number of qubits can be challenging as errors in individual gates can accumulate and cause errors in the overall computation. This is one of the key challenges that quantum error correction and fault tolerance seek to solve and will be essential for scaling up quantum computing to larger systems. Quantum teleportation Quantum teleportation is a protocol in quantum computing that allows the transfer of an unknown quantum state from one location to another without physically transmitting the state itself. Quantum teleportation uses both entanglement and classical communication to move information. The basic idea of quantum teleportation is to transfer information within the system indirectly. This is required because of the “no-cloning theorem” in quantum mechanics, which states that it is impossible to make an exact copy of an unknown quantum state. The no-cloning theorem is a consequence of the linearity and reversibility of quantum mechanics. Any cloning operation that is linear and reversible would necessarily violate the principle of superposition. Furthermore, the no-cloning theorem implies that quantum states cannot be measured without perturbing them. Quantum teleportation involves so-called “destructive” measurements on the first two qubits that destroys the entangled state previously shared between the separated qubits.  Teleportation is used in quantum computing to perform remote operations on quantum systems. This is particularly useful in situations where it’s not feasible to physically move a qubit from one location to another, or where we want to perform a quantum operation on a qubit that is in an inaccessible location. Quantum teleportation is also an important component of quantum error correction, which is a set of techniques used to protect quantum information from the effects of noise and other errors. In quantum error correction, quantum states are encoded into multiple qubits in a way that makes them more resilient to errors. Quantum teleportation can be used to transmit information about the state of a qubit that has been subject to errors to a different location, where it can be corrected using error-correcting codes. This allows quantum information to be transmitted and stored in a more robust way, which is essential for building practical quantum computers. Alice and Bob The teleportation protocol in quantum computing is often expressed as an interchange between two human characters, Alice and Bob:  Alice and Bob each have a qubit that is part of an entangled pair that was previously prepared. Alice (the sender) wants to send the state of a 3rd qubit – called the “message qubit” – to Bob (the receiver). Alice takes the message qubit and entangles it with her own qubit using a specific quantum operation called a CNOT gate. This creates a three-qubit entangled state. Alice then performs a measurement on both the message qubit and her own qubit. The result of this measurement is a classical two-bit string, which she sends to Bob using a classical communication channel. Next, Bob performs a specific quantum operation on his own qubit from the entangled pair. The operation Bob performs depends on which string he received from Alice. The operation he executes can be a Pauli X gate, a Pauli Z gate, both, or none. This operation effectively “teleports” the state of the message qubit onto Bob’s qubit. Bob now has a qubit that is in the same state as the original message qubit, and Alice’s qubit and the message qubit are now both in a different state.  Stay up to date with all the latest news   Information was taken from Explore quantum Computing - https://quantum.microsoft.com/en-us/insights/education/concepts/quantum-teleportation

Earlier this month, AMD launched the first two desktop CPUs using their latest Zen 5 microarchitecture: the Ryzen 7 9700X and the Ryzen 5 9600X . As part of the new Ryzen 9000 family, it gave us their latest Zen 5 cores to the desktop market, as AMD actually launched Zen 5 through their mobile platform last month, the Ryzen AI 300 series  (which we reviewed). Today, AMD is launching the remaining two Ryzen 9000 SKUs first announced at Computex 2024, completing the current Ryzen 9000 product stack. Both chips hail from the premium Ryzen 9 series, which includes the flagship Ryzen 9 9950X, which has 16 Zen 5 cores and can boost as high as 5.7 GHz, while the Ryzen 9 9900X has 12 Zen 5 cores and offers boost clock speeds of up to 5.6 GHz. Although they took slightly longer than expected to launch, as there was a delay from the initial launch date of July 31st , the full quartet of Ryzen 9000 X series processors armed with the latest Zen 5 cores are available. All of the Ryzen 9000 series processors use the same AM5 socket as the previous Ryzen 7000 (Zen 4) series, which means users can use current X670E and X670 motherboards with the new chips. Unfortunately, as we highlighted in our Ryzen 7 9700X and Ryzen 5 9600X review, the X870E/X870 motherboards, which were meant to launch alongside the Ryzen 9000 series, won't be available until sometime in September. The AMD Ryzen 9 9950X and Ryzen 9 9900X Review We've seen how the entry-level Ryzen 5 9600X and the mid-range Ryzen 7 9700X perform against the competition, but it's time to see how far and fast the flagship Ryzen 9 pairing competes. The Ryzen 9 9950X (16C/32T) and the Ryzen 9 9900X (12C/24T) both have a higher TDP (170 W/120 W respectively) than the Ryzen 7 and Ryzen 5 (65 W), but there are more cores, and Ryzen 9 is clocked faster at both base and turbo frequencies. With this in mind, it's time to see how AMD's Zen 5 flagship Ryzen 9 series for desktops performs with more firepower, with our review of the Ryzen 9 9950X and Ryzen 9 9900 processors. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X and 9900X: From a product launch perspective, AMD typically launches its Ryzen portfolio as follows: we get the desktop processors first, then the mobile chips, and usually, the workstation and server parts come a bit later. For the launch of its latest Zen 5 microarchitecture, AMD threw a curveball instead. Last month, AMD opted to first bring their mobile Ryzen AI 300 series to market, combining the full Zen 5 cores and compact Zen 5c cores. We did review the Ryzen AI 9 HX 370 mobile SoC , which gave us our first glimpse of how Zen 5 performs. Fast-forward just over a week, and AMD dropped two of the four Zen 5-based desktop chips they announced at Computex 2024. AMD launched the Ryzen 7 9700X, an 8C/16T chip targeting the mid-range, and the Ryzen 5 9600X, a 6C/12T variant  representing the entry-level; we also reviewed both of these. It also gave us our first look at how Zen 5 compares with the previous Zen 4 architecture and Intel's current 14th Gen Core series family. The AMD Ryzen 9 9950X and Ryzen 9 9900X Review Die shot of a Ryzen 9 (Zen 5) processor with 2 x CCDs We have published a number of reviews and articles prior to today, including  an in-depth look at the Zen 5 microarchitecture itself: The AMD Ryzen 7 9700X and Ryzen 5 9600X Review: Zen 5 is Alive The AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370 Review: Unleashing Zen 5 and RDNA 3.5 Into Notebooks The AMD Zen 5 Microarchitecture: Powering Ryzen AI 300 Series For Mobile and Ryzen 9000 For Desktop AMD Unveils Ryzen 9000 CPUs For Desktop, Zen 5 Takes Center Stage at Computex 2024 Focusing on the Ryzen 9 9950X and the Ryzen 9 9900X, aside from core count, core clock speeds, and price, the main difference between the Ryzen 9 pairing and the Ryzen 7 9700X and Ryzen 5 9600X is the number of active Core Complex Dies (CCDs) on each chip, which AMD has codenamed Eldora. For the Ryzen 9000 series, each CCD can support up to eight Zen 5 cores, with each CCD as standard (not X3D) coming with a 32 MB pool of L3 cache. Similarly, L2 cache is held at 1MB per CPU core for the desktop chips. AMD's latest Zen 5 core is built on TSMC's 4nm N4P node, which is a modest step up from Zen 4. Though outside of CPU cores/CCDs, AMD has opted to use the same I/O Die (IOD) as Ryzen 7000, which is manufactured on TSMC's 6 nm node. AMD Ryzen 9000 Series Processors Zen 5 Microarchitecture (Granite Ridge) AnandTech Cores / Threads Base Freq Turbo Freq L2 Cache L3 Cache TDP MSRP Ryzen 9 9950X 16C / 32T 4.3GHz 5.7GHz 16 MB 64 MB 170 W $649 Ryzen 9 9900X 12C / 24T 4.4GHz 5.6GHz 12 MB 64 MB 120 W $499 Ryzen 7 9700X 8C / 16T 3.8GHz 5.5GHz 8 MB 32 MB 65 W $359 Ryzen 5 9600X 6C / 12T 3.9GHz 5.4GHz 6 MB 32 MB 65 W $279 The Ryzen 9 9950X uses two CCDs for a total of 16 cores (32 threads), with a base frequency of 4.3 GHz and a turbo frequency of up to 5.7 GHz; this is similar to the previous Zen 4 based Ryzen 9 7950X, which also has a max boost clock of up to 5.7 GHz. The Ryzen 9 9950X also has 64 MB of L3 cache (32 MB per CCD), with a 170 Watt TDP. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X in CPU-Z For the Ryzen 9 9900X, AMD has actually lowered the TDP down to 120 W for their 12C/24T SKU compared to the previous generations' Ryzen 9 7900X, which has a 170 W TDP. Benefiting from Zen 5 cores, the Ryzen 9 9900X has a base frequency of 4.4 GHz and a turbo frequency of up to 5.6 GHz. The Ryzen 9 9900X also uses two CCDs on the die, which gives it 64 MB (2 x 32 MB) of L3 cache. The Return of The PPM Provisioning Driver: But There's No 3D V-Cache, So Why? Specifically relating to the Ryzen 9 9950X and the Ryzen 9 9900X, AMD has brought back their PPM Provisioning driver. The last time we saw the PPM driver was back in our Ryzen 9 7950X3D review , when AMD first introduced it alongside their first multi-CCD X3D processor. This chip was special because one (and just one) CCD came packaged with AMD's 3D V-Cache, which essentially adds a large slice of L3 cache (64 MB) on top of the existing 32 MB of L3 cache on that CCD. The PPM driver is a fundamental element that works to ensure that the 3D V-Cache is fully utilized within games, which otherwise may inadvertently bypass the CCD with the extra cache. It works by parking the 'vanilla' CCD, so that the game is running solely on the cores from the CCD with the 3D V-Cache. For the Ryzen 7000 generation, the PPM driver was only required on the X3D chips with multiple CCDs, such as the Ryzen 9 7950X3D. But that's not the case anymore, it seems, as AMD is deploying it for all multi-CCD Ryzen 9000 processors. The AMD Ryzen 9 9950X and Ryzen 9 9900X Review The AMD 3D V-Cache Performance Optimizer process running in the background (PPM provisioning) The PPM Provisioning driver is bundled within the AMD chipset drivers (ver 6.0.6.28.910), along with the typical Promontory motherboard chipset drivers for AM5 motherboards. In tandem with Microsoft's Game Bar and Game Mode, the PPM driver operates when Game Mode is enabled. Once a game is detected to be running, the PPM driver parks up one of the CCDs, so this essentially means when gaming, the chip is running at half capacity unless a game intentionally spins up enough threads to require the second CCD. Microsoft has a comprehensive guide to its Provisioning packages , which details many of the benefits and scenarios where it can benefit performance. AMD is leveraging this in cooperation with Game Mode, which is enabled with the Ryzen 9 9950X and Ryzen 9 9900X. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X in Task Manager with one CCD fired up while playing Company of Heroes 3 AMD has yet to firmly document why it is using the PPM Provisioning/3D V-Cache Optimizer with non-X3D chips from the Ryzen 9000 series. We have reached out to AMD for an answer, and they responded by stating that the core parking feature contains critical game processes in a single cache domain for the best gaming performance. While this is a technically accurate description of what the PPM driver is doing, it doesn't really answer the question of why  multi-CCD Ryzen 9000 chips have been deemed to need this kind of help when the 7950X/7900X did not. Our interpretation is that AMD has run into enough issues on the Ryzen 7000 series with games inadvertently straddling multiple CCDs, that they have decided it's better to bite the bullet and use the PPM driver here as well, even with the extra complexity it entails. PPM core parking on the Ryzen 9 9950X and Ryzen 9 9900X CPUs enables AMD to more forcefully consolidate all gaming demands within a single cache domain (single CCD), which would avoid the latency-induced performance penalty of threads messaging each other from opposing CCDs or trying to access the L3 cache from outside their own local CCD. In essence, it would be all the same rationale for why AMD implemented the PPM driver for the Ryzen 7000X3D chips in the first place: due to the poor die-to-die latency, having game threads spread out over multiple CCDs is bad for performance. Though it does awkwardly suggest that the existing Ryzen 9 7900X/7950X processors are under-performing due to their loosely managed thread allocations, which in turn may be why AMD doesn't want to talk about the issue in any detail. The other idea in flight is that because AMD is reusing their IOD and Infinity Fabric from the Ryzen 7000 series (just the CCDs are new), increased resource contention has forced AMDs hand. In other words, that Ryzen 7000 was fine, but the faster CPU cores on Ryzen 9000 are just fast enough to make for a significant problem that needs addressed. Either way the outcome for the Ryzen 9000 series is the same, but it paints Ryzen 7000 in a better light. Game performance aside, the core parking feature also lowers the power draw and helps with thermal dissipation. So AMD will be seeing some fringe benefits besides just keeping games from accidentally strangling themselves by working across the CCDs. AMD AM5 Chipset Comparison Feature X870E X870 X670E X670 B650E CPU PCIe (PCIe) 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 CPU PCIe (M.2 Slots) At Least 1 PCIe 5.0 Slot Total CPU PCIe Lanes 24 Chipset PCIe Lanes (Max) 4.0: 12 3.0: 8 4.0: 8 3.0: 4 4.0: 12 3.0: 8 4.0: 8 3.0: 4 USB4 Mandatory (Discrete, Consumes 4 Chipset PCie 4.0 Lanes) Optional SATA Ports (Max) 8 4 8 8 4 DDR5 Support Quad Channel (128-bit bus) Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 7 (Discrete) Wi-Fi 6E (Discrete) CPU Overclocking Support Yes Memory Overclocking Support Yes # of Chips 2 1 2 2 1 Silicon ASMedia Promontory 21 Available Expected Sept. 2024 Expected Sept. 2024 Sept. 2022 Sept. 2022 Oct. 2022 As we highlighted in our Ryzen 7 9700X and Ryzen 5 9600X review, the Ryzen 9000 series uses the AM5 socket, much like the Ryzen 7000 series does. While there's a wave of new motherboards based on the X870E and X870 chipsets coming to market, these aren't expected until September. All the current AM5 socket motherboards on the market, such as X670E and X670 models, are compatible with Ryzen 9000, so users don't need to wait. The incoming X870E/X870 motherboards and the current X670E/X670 use the same ASMedia Promontory 21 chipset, so the only difference is in the feature set.  The newer boards utilize new controllers such as Wi-Fi 7, not to mention that X870E/X870 also includes USB 4.0 support, which will be ubiquitous on all X870(E) boards, where it was previously only optional for X670(E) series boards. There will also be a requirement to feature at least one PCIe 5.0 NVMe slot, which will continue to be a mandatory inclusion. AMD also notes that motherboards based on both platforms "feature 44 total PCIe lanes," which would break down to 24 lanes from the CPU and another 20 lanes from the chipset. Regarding pricing, the entire Ryzen 9000 series line-up is launching at a cheaper price than the counterpart from the Ryzen 7000 series it is replacing. The flagship Ryzen 9 9950X has an MSRP of $649, which is $50 cheaper than the Ryzen 9 7950X when launched back in 2022. The Ryzen 9 9900X is also $50 cheaper at launch than the Ryzen 9 7900X came at, with the 9900X having an MSRP of $499. Even going back to when AMD launched Zen 3 with the Ryzen 5000 series in 2020, AMD is consistently bringing prices down on each subsequent SKU, which shows AMD is even more competitive in pricing with each generation we've seen. Now that AMD has launched the flagship Ryzen 9 chips, we can finally see how AMD's best Zen 5 desktop chips stack up against the competition.

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Building your own gaming PC gives you full control over the hardware, allowing you to prioritize performance, aesthetics, and budget. Plus, it’s a fun project that teaches you a lot about how computers work. Essential Components 1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) The brain of your computer. For gaming, you’ll want a processor with high clock speeds and multiple cores. Popular choices include the Intel Core i9-13900K and AMD Ryzen 9 7900X. 2. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) The most critical component for gaming. Top picks are the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 and AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT. These GPUs can handle the latest games with high settings and resolutions. 3. RAM (Random Access Memory) Aim for at least 16GB of RAM. Brands like Corsair and G.Skill offer reliable options that ensure smooth multitasking and gaming. 4. Storage A combination of SSD for speed and HDD for capacity works best. The Samsung 970 Evo Plus (SSD) and Seagate Barracuda (HDD) are excellent choices. 5. Motherboard Choose a motherboard that supports your CPU and GPU, with enough slots for future upgrades. ASUS ROG Strix and MSI MPG series are reliable options. 6. Power Supply Unit (PSU) A reliable PSU is crucial for stability. Aim for 80 Plus Gold certified PSUs from brands like EVGA or Corsair. 7. Case Your case should have good airflow and space for all your components. NZXT H510 and Corsair iCUE 4000X are popular choices. 8. Cooling System Ensure your PC stays cool with either air or liquid cooling. Noctua fans are great for air cooling, while NZXT Kraken series is ideal for liquid cooling. How to build your own gaming custom PC Building Your PC Step 1: Preparation Set up a clean workspace, gather your tools, and unpack all components. Step 2: Install the CPU Place the CPU onto the motherboard carefully, aligning the pins correctly. Step 3: Attach the Cooler Whether using air or liquid cooling, ensure it’s securely mounted to avoid overheating. Step 4: Install RAM Slot the RAM into the designated slots, ensuring they click into place. Step 5: Mount the Motherboard Secure the motherboard inside the case, screwing it in at all mounting points. Step 6: Install Storage Attach your SSD and HDD, connecting them to the motherboard with SATA cables. Step 7: Install GPU Slot your GPU into the PCIe slot, securing it with screws. Step 8: Connect the PSU Connect all power cables to the motherboard, GPU, and storage devices. Step 9: Cable Management Tidy up your cables to improve airflow and aesthetics. Step 10: Power On and Install OS Connect your PC to a monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Power it on and install your operating system. Popular Games to Test Your New Rig 1. Cyberpunk 2077 Developer:   CD Projekt Red System Requirements:  Intel Core i5-3570K / AMD FX-8310, 8 GB RAM, GTX 780 / Radeon RX 470 2. Elden Ring Developer:   FromSoftware System Requirements:  Intel Core i5-8400 / AMD Ryzen 3 3300X, 12 GB RAM, GTX 1060 / Radeon RX 580 3. Halo Infinite Developer:   343 Industries System Requirements:  Intel i5-4440 / AMD Ryzen 5 1600, 8 GB RAM, GTX 1050 Ti / RX 570 Author Nerdcore Computers

If your a tech head like me an are always setting up computers with windows for your customers. An want to easy install one click every software then you need to visit Install and Update All Your Programs at Once - Best software for windows pc https://ninite.com/ Pick all your favorite apps in the one place. Ninite will start working as soon as you run it not bother you with any choices or options install apps in their default location say no to toolbars or extra junk install 64-bit apps on 64-bit machines install apps in your PC's language or one you choose do all its work in the background install the latest stable version of an app skip up-to-date apps skip any reboot requests from installers use your proxy settings from Internet Explorer download apps from each publisher's official site verify digital signatures or hashes before running anything work best if you turn off any web filters or firewalls save you a lot of time! Friendly Tip from nerdcore pc

Now that Telstra is offering Starlink plans, we've taken it for a spin. Starlink Australia Review: Is it worth it for us Aussies Starlink is a technically-impressive internet option worth considering for anyone living in rural Australia. However, like most regional internet solutions, it has its share of trade-offs you'll want to consider before taking the plunge.   Plans from $125 per month via Telstra, or $139 per month direct from Starlink. $599 upfront in hardware fees.  What we love Fast latency for space internet Good speeds Simple-to-use hardware What could be improved Inconsistent performance Regular dropouts make video calls challenging Expensive upfront costs I'm going to get this out of the way upfront: I'm not the right person to be testing Starlink . I live in Sydney at a property with HFC NBN and 5G coverage. While there's no difference in how Starlink works in the city compared to the bush, I'm not the target consumer for Starlink. It's objectively a downgrade from my current internet situation. It's not meant for me.  But in my two weeks or so with Starlink at home, I've learnt a lot that's relevant for anyone considering it as an internet solution. While it could still very well be an upgrade for many Australians, there are caveats the marketing doesn't exactly make clear. There are times that Starlink feels like a miracle, but there are others where it's downright frustrating. The big question is whether that frustration is better or worse than your existing internet. There's a lot to consider.  Consistently inconsistent For this review, I tested a Starlink kit supplied by Telstra. You get a standard Starlink set with the satellite and router, but this is also bundled with a 3rd generation Telstra Smart Modem. This gives you the ability to plug in a home phone and 4G backup  at speeds of up to 25Mbps. There are also some slight plan differences. Telstra's Starlink speeds are capped at 50Mbps, while a standard residential Starlink plan is able to do up to 100Mbps. Telstra's plan is a little cheaper as a result, however, at $125 per month. You'll spend a minimum of $139 per month with Starlink itself. When it works, Starlink is incredible. I can barely notice a difference compared to the 5G home internet connection  I normally use. I've comfortably streamed Palm Royale  in 4K on my Apple TV. My ping has only climbed to 40ms, up from around 30ms on 5G. Speed tests show I can often get 50Mbps promised. That's insanely impressive given the LEO satellites you connect to are orbiting Earth at 7.2km a second. I've also experienced my fair share of frustrations, however. One night during a 30 Rock rewatch, the quality was noticeably dropping to standard definition. I've seen speeds fall below 5Mbps when it's been raining. And there's been a time when I didn't have enough bandwidth to start my camera on Slack. Starlink Australia Review: Is it worth it for us Aussies The real annoyance is dropouts. Looking at the Starlink app, there have been days where I've had over 19 outages in an hour. These can happen because of obstructions, network issues, or because my dish had trouble talking to a satellite. Many of these last under two seconds, and in many cases, you won't notice them. Outages are a big issue when it comes to video calls, online gaming, or any other real-time application, however. Constantly dropping out of a Zoom because of micro outages gets annoying very fast when working from home. While I'm coming at this from a privileged position, reliable internet that doesn't drop out should be a given. It's worth noting Telstra's 4G backup doesn't help with micro outages. While it could be a lifesaver in the event of an extended outage, most network issues are blips. As such, the backup doesn't have a chance to kick in, and doesn't help with issues like getting booted from a Zoom call. There's also the question of coverage. If you don't have reliable Telstra 4G coverage  at home, 4G backup isn't a useful feature. Starlink Australia Review: Is it worth it for us Aussies Plug-and-pray Starlink is objectively pitched as a plug-and-play solution, and that's true to a certain extent. When you get your kit, getting online is quite simple in theory. You plug in your modem, and then connect the satellite dish to it via a 15m Ethernet cable that also delivers power. Install the Starlink app on your phone and run through a basic setup process, and boom, space internet. The reality is a little different. For one, the Starlink modem needs to be inside, while the dish lives outside. That's going to be a logistical challenge for many, and will likely involve a ladder. For me, I had to run the cable inside through a hole in a fly screen. It's not exactly elegant. While you could opt for a more permanent solution, it is worth noting that it's illegal to do your own fixed cabling in Australia. Any in-wall, in-roof, or under-floor cabling must be done by a registered cabler. That adds an extra upfront cost to an already expensive package. Then there's the matter of positioning the satellite dish. You can keep it on the ground if you have a clear view of the sky, but it quickly became apparent that wasn't an option for me. It then took me a good half hour to find a spot on my roof stable enough to keep the dish from slipping with minimal obstructions. Even then, a neighbour's tree that slightly encroaches on my roof is enough to have the Starlink app warn me about potential dropouts. It doesn't like my TV antenna either, despite the dish being angled away from it. I'm sure getting a more permanent mount for the dish would help address at least some of this, but it ends up being another upfront cost to consider. And then there's the matter of how clear your view of the sky actually is. Even a single tree on the horizon can degrade your signal. Should you get a Starlink plan through Telstra or Starlink? If you’re tossing up whether you should get a Starlink plan direct through Starlink or through Telstra, there are a few key differences to consider. Price:  Starlink is cheaper through Telstra, billed at $125 per month. Starlink itself charges $139 per month. In both cases, you're looking at $599 in hardware fees. Speed: Starlink is slower through Telstra. Speeds are capped at 50Mbps, which is identical to an NBN 50 plan. Starlink's residential plans can achieve speeds up to 100Mbps, similar to an NBN 100 plan. Hardware: No matter which provider you go with, you'll get a Starlink modem and a satellite dish. If you go with Telstra, you'll go also get a third-generation Smart Modem. This allows you to use 4G backup and plug in a home phone. 4G backup:  If you're using the Telstra Smart Modem, you'll have 4G backup at speeds of up to 25Mbps if your Starlink connection isn't working. It's worth noting that 4G will only spin up if there's an issue with satellite connectivity. If the Starlink connection drops out and requires 4G fallback, the delay can still be enough to kick you out of a video call, for example. Starlink in Australia - Final Thoughts Providing regional Australia with more internet options is undeniably a good thing, and for many, Starlink could still be a great solution. Latency is a whole lot better than Satellite NBN , for example. You can expect around 40ms on Starlink, compared to over 600ms on Sky Muster. The lower latency makes for a much more responsive internet experience. The flip side is Satellite NBN has become more attractive of late. You can get a plan with unlimited data and speeds of up to 50Mbps for $79 per month through SkyMesh, for example. Upgrading to 100Mbps will set you back $99 per month. Either way, that's a good chunk cheaper than the minimum of $125 per month you'd pay to get Starlink from Telstra, and has none of the upfront costs. It becomes a question of if you want to pay extra for a more responsive internet service that's potentially more prone to dropouts, or a cheaper one that while having similar speeds, may feel much slower. Meanwhile, if you've got an underperforming Fixed Wireless NBN  connection, Starlink might not solve your problems. My colleague Christie has Fixed Wireless NBN at home, and while she hasn't had the best experience , there's never been a time she hasn't been able to start her video on Slack. Swapping from Fixed Wireless NBN to Starlink feels like trading one imperfect solution for another. In the same vein, Starlink is an imperfect upgrade from ADSL. While download speeds may be much higher, the micro-dropouts could be a frustrating issue if your existing ADSL connection is stable. Telstra is set to shut down its ADSL network in coming years, so it's a consideration anyone still on it will need to make eventually. If you do want to try Starlink, the good news is both Starlink and Telstra have a 30-day risk-free option. If you're unhappy during your first month, you can return the hardware and get a full refund. Doing a permanent install with mounts and cabling could complicate this process, so you may not want to go down this path until you've done some initial tests. No matter the limitations of Starlink, I'm glad the option exists. It has created competition, and seemingly spurred NBN Co on to improve its satellite options. And now that Telstra is reselling Starlink, there's a slightly more affordable option for those put off by the price. But whether Starlink is right for you very much depends on your individual circumstances. It's an upgrade from ADSL, but a definite downgrade from fixed-line NBN in a city. It's not ideal for gaming, and a bit sketchy for remote work if it involves a lot of Zoom calls. There are ways in which Starlink is a big step up over other options for regional connectivity, and others in which it isn't. Starlink isn't a silver bullet for internet woes. None of these solutions are perfect. They all have their trade-offs. Australian regional internet should be better, but until it is, it's about deciding on what compromises work for you. Author Nerdcore Computers 13/11/2024

The Intel LGA 1700 platform was launched three years ago in 2021 and it has since seen a total of 3 generations of CPUs, Alder Lake (12th Gen), Raptor Lake (13th Gen), and Raptor Lake Refresh (14th Gen). We have seen at least three generations of motherboards, first with the 600-series which had Z690 as the top SKU, and then two generations of 700-series based on the top Z790 chipset which included a soft refresh for the 14th Gen lineup. Intel has now introduced its next-generation 800-series chipsets and with the Core Ultra 200S CPU series, the company is also launching a brand new socket called LGA 1851. Today, we will be taking a look at the latest motherboards based on the Z890 chipset. Gigabyte Z890 AORUS ELITE WIFI7 DDR5 LGA1851 ATX Motherboard. We received a load of motherboards from various manufacturers so let's start by taking a look at these updated designs. For this review, we will be testing Gigabyte's latest Z890 AORUS Master motherboard  which is priced at $1000.00 AUD. Gigabyte Z890 AORUS ELITE WIFI7 DDR5 LGA1851 ATX Motherboard. The 800-series chipsets will include several SKUs but the one we are getting today is the top-tier Z890. This platform offers a total of 48 PCIe lanes of which 20 are PCIe Gen 5.0 and these come from both the CPU and the PCH. The Z890 PCH features up to 24 PCIe 4.0 lanes, up to 4 eSPI, up to 10 USB 3.2 ports including 5 20G, 10 10G, and 10 5G options, up to 14 USB 2.0 links & up to 8 SATA III links. The new platform is further enriched with the latest features which include: Integrated I/O: Up To 2 Thunderbolt 4 ports Intel Killer Wi-Fi 6E (Gig+) Bluetooth 5.3 (LE) 1 GbE Discrete I/O: Up To 4 Thunderbolt 5 ports Intel Killer Wi-Fi 7 (5 Gig) Bluetooth 5.4 (LE) 2.5 GbE In terms of memory support, the new Z890 motherboards will offer up to DDR5-6400 (native) capabilities and expanded speeds over 8000 MT/s with XMP. The platform will support up to 48 GB DIMMs in the dual-channel mode for up to 192 GB capacities in UDIMM, CUDIMM, SODIMM, and CSODIMM flavors. Lots of Goodies For Overclockers! Finally, we have the new overclocking goodness which comes in the form of new functionalities for tuners with fine grain control. These features include: Granular core clock -  Top turbo frequency in 16.6 MHz steps for P-Cores and E-Cores Dual base clock -  Run an independent BCLK for SOC and compute tiles Tile-to-Tile & fabric OC -  Can apply a static/BIOS ratio and supports dynamic ratio changes for fabric DLVR bypass -  Bypass the internal voltage management using an external supply for extreme OC Intel eXtreme tuning utility -  New features including automated OC enhancements Memory overclocking -  New memory controller supports new XMP and CUDIMM DDR5 P & E-core overclocking -  P-core per-core V/f control, and E-Core per cluster V/f control Low-temperature overvolting  - Increasingly bypass voltage limits as the chip gets colder The cooler operation of the chips also provides higher headroom for over clockers. As for the TJmax, Arrow Lake-S "Core Ultra 200S" will have a peak operating temperature of 105C. Cooler Compatibility With LGA 1851 Socket The Intel LGA 1851 socket is compatible with LGA 1700 socketed coolers though some coolers might require an offset kit for proper thermal load balance. The new socket also has a revised ILM called RL-ILM which uses a spacer between the loading mechanism to ensure proper pressure for the new Arrow Lake CPUs. Intel Desktop Platform Chipset Comparison Chipset Name Arrow Lake-S (ARL-S) PCH / 800 Series (Z890) Raptor Lake-S (RPL-S) PCH / 700 Series (Z790) Alder Lake-S (ADL-S) PCH / 600 Series (Z690) Rocket Lake-S (RKL-S) PCH / 500 Series (Z590) Comet Lake-S (CML-S) PCH / 400 Series (Z490) Coffee Lake S (CFL-S) PCH / 300 Series (Z390/H370, B360, Q370, H310) Coffee Lake S (KBL-R) PCH / Z370 Platform Process Node 7nm 14nm 14nm 14nm 14nm 14nm 22nm Processor 24C, 20C, 14C, 12C, TBD) 24,16C,12C,10C,6C,4C 16C,12C,10C,6C,4C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch) 8C, 6C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch) 10C, 8C, 6C, 4C, 2C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch) 8C, 6C, 4C, 2C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch) 8C, 6C, 4C (6 Consumer SKUs at Launch) Memory Up To DDR5-6400 (Native) Up To DDR5-5600 (Native) Up To DDR4-3200 (Native) Up To DDR5-4800 (Native) Up To DDR4-3200 (Native) Up To DDR4-3200 (Native) Up To DDR4-2933 (Native) Up To DDR4-2666 (Native) Up To DDR4-2666 (Native) Media, Display & Audio eDP / 4DDI (DP, HDMI) Display Capabilities eDP / 4DDI (DP, HDMI) Display Capabilities eDP / 4DDI (DP, HDMI) Display Capabilities DP 1.2 & HDMI 2.0, HBR3 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) 12-bit AV1/HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP With USB Audio offload SoundWire Digital Audio Interface DP 1.2 & HDMI 1.4 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP SoundWire Digital Audio Interface DP 1.2 & HDMI 1.4 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP SoundWire Digital Audio Interface DP 1.2 & HDMI 1.4 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP I/O & Connectivity Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ 7 BT CNVio) with Gig+ Integrated SDXC 4.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0 Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ 7 BT CNVio) with Gig+ Integrated SDXC 4.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0 Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ 7 BT CNVio) with Gig+ Integrated SDXC 4.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0 Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ BT CNVi) Integrated SDXC 3.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0 (Maple Ridge) Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2 Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi / BT CNVi) Integrated SDXC 3.0 Controller Thunderbolt 3.0 (Titan Ridge) w/ DP 1.4 Integrated USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5 Gbps) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi / BT CNVi) Integrated SDXC 3.0 Controller Thunderbolt 3.0 (Titan Ridge) w/ DP 1.4 Integrated USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5 Gbps) Thunderbolt 3.0 (Alpine Ridge) Storage PCIe 5.0 (CPU Lanes), 8x SATA 3.0 Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 5.0 (CPU Lanes), 6x SATA 3.0 Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 5.0, 6x SATA 3.0 Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 4.0, 6x SATA 3.0 Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 3.0, 6x SATA 3.0 Next Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 3.0, 6x SATA 3.0 Next Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 3.0, 6x SATA 3.0 Max PCH PCIe Lanes Up To 24 (Gen 4) Up To 20 (Gen 4) Up To 8 (Gen 3) Up To 12 (Gen 4) Up To 16 (Gen 3) Up To 24 (Gen 3) Up To 24 (Gen 3) Up To 24 (Gen 3) Up To 24 (Gen 3) Max CPU PCIe Lanes Up To 20 (Gen 5) Up To 4 (Gen 4) Up To 16 (Gen 5) Up To 4 (Gen 4) Up To 16 (Gen 5) Up To 4 (Gen 4) Up To 20 (Gen 4) Up To 16 (Gen 3) Up To 16 (Gen 3) Up To 16 (Gen 3) Max USB Ports Up To 5 (USB 3.2 Gen 2z2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Up To 5 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Up To 4 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Up To 3 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Up To 10 (USB 3.2) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Up To 10 (USB 3.1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Up To 10 (USB 3.0) Up To 14 (USB 2.0) Security Intel TET Intel Boot Guard N/A N/A N/A Intel SGX 1.0 Intel SGX 1.0 Intel SGX 1.0 Power Management C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby C8 Support Launch 2024 2022 2021 2021 2019 2018 2017 Gigabyte Z890 AORUS ELITE WIFI7 DDR5 LGA1851 ATX Motherboard. CPU & VRM Temperatures The Intel Core Ultra 200S "Arrow Lake" Desktop CPUs come with a slightly modified IHS which is equipped over the tiled CPU die. This IHS is soldered with gold plating underneath to ensure good heat dissipation and thermal conductivity. The socket also features a revised ILM mechanism called RL-ILM (Reduced-Load) to provide optimal pressure for the socket and the CPU. Read our article next on our Intel® Core™ Ultra Processors Family

Intel® Core™ Ultra Mobile Processors (Series 2) Product Brief Intel® Core™ Ultra mobile processors (Series 2) are high-efficiency processors built to deliver next-gen AI experiences in sleek and slim mobile form factors, featuring the latest generation of P-core and low-power E-core processor architectures, an enhanced NPU 4.0 AI Engine, and available with built-in Intel® Arc™ GPUs1 driven by new Xe2 architecture. Breakthrough x86 Power Efficiency Four next-gen low-power E-cores optimized for tasks requiring less power, along with new power, thermal, and acoustic features, help create powerhouse thin & light systems. Next-Gen Core Architecture                                   Next-Gen P-Core Next-Gen E-Cores Rearchitected for efficient power performance, featuring AI-based power management, an enhanced memory subsystem, PPA optimizations, and up to 12 MB of shared L3 cache. Our most efficient performant architecture, with up to 4 MB shared L2 cache and 2x AI throughput from 4 128-bit FP & SIMD vector. Power-Saving Technologies                                   Features Benefits Intel® Intelligent Display Automatically adjust brightness, refresh rate, and contrast based on what the user is doing or the content on screen.2 Endurance Gaming Mode Automatically adjusts framerates and power consumption to maximize playtime while on battery. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology Uses advanced machine learning algorithms to maximize performance and battery life while minimizing heat and noise. It also allows OEMs to customize and differentiate systems with minimal tuning effort. Exceptional Core Performance  Intel® Core™ Ultra processors (Series 2) feature 4 P-cores and 4-E-cores built with Intel’s latest processor architectures.                                   4 Next-Gen P-Cores 4 Next-Gen E-Cores Designed for priority tasks and workloads, optimized for power efficiency. Up to 5.1 GHz Max Turbo Frequency Housed in a dedicated cluster with their own cache, optimized for lower priority tasks requiring less power. Up to 3.7 GHz Max Turbo Frequency Maximizing Performance, Minimizing Power Use                                   Features Benefits Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 Accelerates processor and graphics performance for peak loads. Intel® Adaptive Boost Technology Intelligently boosts the processor to run faster than its rated frequency. Intel® Speedshift Technology An energy-efficient method of frequency control by the hardware. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology Power optimization tools that intelligently adapt power policies. Intel® Deep Learning Boost Significantly accelerates inference performance for deep-learning workloads optimized to use VNNI. Intel® Smart Cache Technology CPU memory caching method for sharing among P-cores, E-cores, and processor graphics if applicable. Massive Leap in Graphics Intel® Core™ Ultra processors (Series 2) provide discrete-level graphics for thin & light laptops. NEW  Built-in Intel® Arc™ GPU1 delivers power-efficient DirectX 12 Ultimate performance. 8 Xe-cores 64 vector engines 8 MB cache The first DirectX 12 Ultimate GPU in the world to leverage LPDDR memory on package. XeSS (Xe Super Sampling) and Intel® XMX (Xe Matrix Extensions) AI engines provide AI upscaling and raytracing performance for graphics far beyond what people expect from thin & light systems. Unmatched AI Compute New NPU (Neural Processing Unit) Up to 2x bandwidth compared to previous generation Up to 48 TOPS3                                   The Foundation of the AI PC Intel® Core™ Ultra Processors High Throughput GPU Ideal for AI-accelerated digital content creation. Low Power NPU Ideal for sustained AI workloads and AI offload for battery life. Fast Response CPU Ideal for low-latency AI workloads. Leadership AI Engines : ~4x NPU AI throughput and ~3x GPU AI throughput* Comprehensive AI:  With more than 300 AI-accelerated ISV features, your customers’ favorite AI tools and services run great on Intel® Core™ Ultra processors. Intel® XMX (Xe Matrix Extensions):  16x compute capabilities for AI inferencing operations when compared to traditional GPU vector units** Intel® XeSS:  AI image upscaling to improve performance and graphics. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology: Energy Performance Optimizer:  Intelligent, predictive, and efficient system optimization engine for performance and long battery life. Intelligent Thermal Management:  Maximizes performance with runtime thermal monitoring. Intel vPro® Platform Helps Organizations Maximize Value from AI New commercial devices with Intel Core Ultra processors fuel operational excellence and help organizations achieve better business outcomes. User Productivity AI Empowers People to Achieve New Levels of Productivity. Visual and audio effects help employees look and sound their best while collaborating remotely, with the top enterprise solutions optimized for Intel® Core™ Ultra processors. Personal assistants and large language models promise to streamline daily workflows, meeting preparation, and project management. Specific Intel® Core™ Ultra mobile processors (Series 2) can power these demanding AI workloads, delivering the responsiveness and lower latency users require. The combined power of the CPU, GPU, and NPU enables higher quality work to be executed faster in the areas of content creation, data visualization, design, research, and similar tasks common to business professionals. Intel® Core™ Ultra processors enable better business outcomes everywhere AI PCs are deployed. Intel® Core™ Ultra Mobile Processors (Series 2) Product Brief AI for Security, Security for AI As security threats grow more sophisticated, the need for advanced detection and protection technologies grows as well. Intel® Core™ Ultra processors extend the NPU to third-party security software vendors, enabling applications to become more effective and efficient at detecting and responding to threats. In addition, the Intel vPro® platform provides a more secure computing foundation for AI apps and data with a robust set of security features that PC manufacturers must design into every PC bearing the Intel vPro® badge. Services-Ready Endpoints Device management applications rely on endpoint data to make the right configuration, maintenance, and servicing decisions. Intel® Device Discovery provides a method for local and remote applications to obtain greater visibility into endpoints, with a robust data set spanning device profile, history, and capabilities. This includes an inventory of Intel vPro® platform features present and their configuration state. The wealth of data generated by Intel® Device Discovery may be used by applications to generate PC health assessments, determine the security posture of a PC, or learn how to best configure and maintain a device. Greater visibility into endpoints becomes vital as IT operations embrace AI and automation. Intel® Evo™ Platform   Engineered to do it all. Intel® Evo™ laptops powered by Intel® Core™ Ultra processors deliver a no-compromise premium mobile experience by verifying that each laptop design meets the premium standards you desire. We are continually adding innovative features that evolve the laptop experience. Intel spent thousands of hours studying the way people use their laptops in real life and then collaborated with leading PC makers to co-engineer, optimize, and verify these laptop designs. To obtain the Intel® Evo™ brand seal of approval, laptop designs must pass rigorous testing around performance, battery life, connectivity, audio & visual quality, size, weight, and more. And to ensure an evolving laptop experience, innovative features are continuously built in and introduced for the first time through Intel® Evo™ laptops. The result is a sleek and stylish premium laptop that delivers cutting-edge innovation and the ideal combination of world-class performance, outstanding graphics, and ultimate mobility with features like fast-charging & long-lasting battery, consistent responsiveness on battery, and instant wake. Intel® Unison™ software4 has an intuitive one-time setup that’s fast, easy, and does not require an email or cloud account to set up and use. Intel® Unison™ software is flexible, letting you connect your choice of PC and phone or tablet (Android or iOS) to do file transfers, photo sharing, text messaging, phone calls, and notifications all from your PC without waking up your phone. Features at a Glance                                   Feature Benefit Power-Efficient Core Architectures Integrates P-cores and low-power E-cores onto a single chip. Low-power E-cores given separate cluster with dedicated cache optimized for lower priority tasks at reduced power. NPU A neural processing unit is a processor built for handling AI & machine learning tasks. Select Intel® Core™ Ultra processors include a CPU, a GPU, and an NPU. TOPS Trillions of operations per second. Measures performance of NPUs, much like how GHz measures performance of CPUs. Built-in Intel® Arc™ GPU1 Driven by Xe2 Architecture Select Intel® Core™ Ultra processors include an Intel® Arc™ GPU,1 providing discrete-class graphics for mobile form factors. The latest Xe2 architecture provides great performance at lower power, perfect for gaming or AI on-the-go. Intel® Smart Cache CPU memory caching method for sharing among P-cores, E-cores, and processor graphics if applicable.  View all SKU Chart                                   Processor Number Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 Processor 288V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 268V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 266V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 258V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 256V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 238V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 236V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 228V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 226V Processor Cores (P-cores + LP E-cores)5 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) Processor Threads 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Intel® Smart Cache (LLC) 12 MB 12 MB 12 MB 12 MB 12 MB 8 MB 8 MB 8 MB 8 MB Max Turbo Frequency6 P-core Up to 5.1 GHz Up to 5.0 GHz Up to 5.0 GHz Up to 4.8 GHz Up to 4.8 GHz Up to 4.7 GHz Up to 4.7 GHz Up to 4.5 GHz Up to 4.5 GHz E-core Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Check out our Gigabyte Z890 Gaming 1851 LGa Mother Board Reviews & Test on Performance an Motherboard Tests Intel® Core™ Ultra Mobile Processors (Series 2) Product Brief Intel® Core™ Ultra mobile processors (Series 2) are high-efficiency processors built to deliver next-gen AI experiences in sleek and slim mobile form factors, featuring the latest generation of P-core and low-power E-core processor architectures, an enhanced NPU 4.0 AI Engine, and available with built-in Intel® Arc™ GPUs1 driven by new Xe2 architecture. Breakthrough x86 Power Efficiency Four next-gen low-power E-cores optimized for tasks requiring less power, along with new power, thermal, and acoustic features, help create powerhouse thin & light systems. Next-Gen Core Architecture                                  Next-Gen P-Core Next-Gen E-Cores Rearchitected for efficient power performance, featuring AI-based power management, an enhanced memory subsystem, PPA optimizations, and up to 12 MB of shared L3 cache. Our most efficient performant architecture, with up to 4 MB shared L2 cache and 2x AI throughput from 4 128-bit FP & SIMD vector. Power-Saving Technologies                                  Features Benefits Intel® Intelligent Display Automatically adjust brightness, refresh rate, and contrast based on what the user is doing or the content on screen.2 Endurance Gaming Mode Automatically adjusts framerates and power consumption to maximize playtime while on battery. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology Uses advanced machine learning algorithms to maximize performance and battery life while minimizing heat and noise. It also allows OEMs to customize and differentiate systems with minimal tuning effort. Exceptional Core Performance  Intel® Core™ Ultra processors (Series 2) feature 4 P-cores and 4-E-cores built with Intel’s latest processor architectures.                                  4 Next-Gen P-Cores 4 Next-Gen E-Cores Designed for priority tasks and workloads, optimized for power efficiency. Up to 5.1 GHz Max Turbo Frequency Housed in a dedicated cluster with their own cache, optimized for lower priority tasks requiring less power. Up to 3.7 GHz Max Turbo Frequency Maximizing Performance, Minimizing Power Use                                  Features Benefits Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 Accelerates processor and graphics performance for peak loads. Intel® Adaptive Boost Technology Intelligently boosts the processor to run faster than its rated frequency. Intel® Speedshift Technology An energy-efficient method of frequency control by the hardware. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology Power optimization tools that intelligently adapt power policies. Intel® Deep Learning Boost Significantly accelerates inference performance for deep-learning workloads optimized to use VNNI. Intel® Smart Cache Technology CPU memory caching method for sharing among P-cores, E-cores, and processor graphics if applicable. Massive Leap in Graphics Intel® Core™ Ultra processors (Series 2) provide discrete-level graphics for thin & light laptops. NEW  Built-in Intel® Arc™ GPU1 delivers power-efficient DirectX 12 Ultimate performance. 8 Xe-cores 64 vector engines 8 MB cache The first DirectX 12 Ultimate GPU in the world to leverage LPDDR memory on package. XeSS (Xe Super Sampling) and Intel® XMX (Xe Matrix Extensions) AI engines provide AI upscaling and raytracing performance for graphics far beyond what people expect from thin & light systems. Unmatched AI Compute New NPU (Neural Processing Unit) Up to 2x bandwidth compared to previous generation Up to 48 TOPS3                                  The Foundation of the AI PC Intel® Core™ Ultra Processors High Throughput GPU Ideal for AI-accelerated digital content creation. Low Power NPU Ideal for sustained AI workloads and AI offload for battery life. Fast Response CPU Ideal for low-latency AI workloads. Leadership AI Engines : ~4x NPU AI throughput and ~3x GPU AI throughput* Comprehensive AI:  With more than 300 AI-accelerated ISV features, your customers’ favorite AI tools and services run great on Intel® Core™ Ultra processors. Intel® XMX (Xe Matrix Extensions):  16x compute capabilities for AI inferencing operations when compared to traditional GPU vector units** Intel® XeSS:  AI image upscaling to improve performance and graphics. Intel® Dynamic Tuning Technology: Energy Performance Optimizer:  Intelligent, predictive, and efficient system optimization engine for performance and long battery life. Intelligent Thermal Management:  Maximizes performance with runtime thermal monitoring. Intel vPro® Platform Helps Organizations Maximize Value from AI New commercial devices with Intel Core Ultra processors fuel operational excellence and help organizations achieve better business outcomes. User Productivity AI Empowers People to Achieve New Levels of Productivity. Visual and audio effects help employees look and sound their best while collaborating remotely, with the top enterprise solutions optimized for Intel® Core™ Ultra processors. Personal assistants and large language models promise to streamline daily workflows, meeting preparation, and project management. Specific Intel® Core™ Ultra mobile processors (Series 2) can power these demanding AI workloads, delivering the responsiveness and lower latency users require. The combined power of the CPU, GPU, and NPU enables higher quality work to be executed faster in the areas of content creation, data visualization, design, research, and similar tasks common to business professionals. Intel® Core™ Ultra processors enable better business outcomes everywhere AI PCs are deployed. Intel® Core™ Ultra Mobile Processors (Series 2) Product Brief AI for Security, Security for AI As security threats grow more sophisticated, the need for advanced detection and protection technologies grows as well. Intel® Core™ Ultra processors extend the NPU to third-party security software vendors, enabling applications to become more effective and efficient at detecting and responding to threats. In addition, the Intel vPro® platform provides a more secure computing foundation for AI apps and data with a robust set of security features that PC manufacturers must design into every PC bearing the Intel vPro® badge. Services-Ready Endpoints Device management applications rely on endpoint data to make the right configuration, maintenance, and servicing decisions. Intel® Device Discovery provides a method for local and remote applications to obtain greater visibility into endpoints, with a robust data set spanning device profile, history, and capabilities. This includes an inventory of Intel vPro® platform features present and their configuration state. The wealth of data generated by Intel® Device Discovery may be used by applications to generate PC health assessments, determine the security posture of a PC, or learn how to best configure and maintain a device. Greater visibility into endpoints becomes vital as IT operations embrace AI and automation. Intel® Evo™ Platform   Engineered to do it all. Intel® Evo™ laptops powered by Intel® Core™ Ultra processors deliver a no-compromise premium mobile experience by verifying that each laptop design meets the premium standards you desire. We are continually adding innovative features that evolve the laptop experience. Intel spent thousands of hours studying the way people use their laptops in real life and then collaborated with leading PC makers to co-engineer, optimize, and verify these laptop designs. To obtain the Intel® Evo™ brand seal of approval, laptop designs must pass rigorous testing around performance, battery life, connectivity, audio & visual quality, size, weight, and more. And to ensure an evolving laptop experience, innovative features are continuously built in and introduced for the first time through Intel® Evo™ laptops. The result is a sleek and stylish premium laptop that delivers cutting-edge innovation and the ideal combination of world-class performance, outstanding graphics, and ultimate mobility with features like fast-charging & long-lasting battery, consistent responsiveness on battery, and instant wake. Intel® Unison™ software4 has an intuitive one-time setup that’s fast, easy, and does not require an email or cloud account to set up and use. Intel® Unison™ software is flexible, letting you connect your choice of PC and phone or tablet (Android or iOS) to do file transfers, photo sharing, text messaging, phone calls, and notifications all from your PC without waking up your phone. Features at a Glance                                  Feature Benefit Power-Efficient Core Architectures Integrates P-cores and low-power E-cores onto a single chip. Low-power E-cores given separate cluster with dedicated cache optimized for lower priority tasks at reduced power. NPU A neural processing unit is a processor built for handling AI & machine learning tasks. Select Intel® Core™ Ultra processors include a CPU, a GPU, and an NPU. TOPS Trillions of operations per second. Measures performance of NPUs, much like how GHz measures performance of CPUs. Built-in Intel® Arc™ GPU1 Driven by Xe2 Architecture Select Intel® Core™ Ultra processors include an Intel® Arc™ GPU,1 providing discrete-class graphics for mobile form factors. The latest Xe2 architecture provides great performance at lower power, perfect for gaming or AI on-the-go. Intel® Smart Cache CPU memory caching method for sharing among P-cores, E-cores, and processor graphics if applicable. View all SKU Chart                                  Processor Number Intel® Core™ Ultra 9 Processor 288V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 268V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 266V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 258V Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 Processor 256V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 238V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 236V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 228V Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 Processor 226V Processor Cores (P-cores + LP E-cores)5 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) 8 (4+4) Processor Threads 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Intel® Smart Cache (LLC) 12 MB 12 MB 12 MB 12 MB 12 MB 8 MB 8 MB 8 MB 8 MB Max Turbo Frequency6 P-core Up to 5.1 GHz Up to 5.0 GHz Up to 5.0 GHz Up to 4.8 GHz Up to 4.8 GHz Up to 4.7 GHz Up to 4.7 GHz Up to 4.5 GHz Up to 4.5 GHz E-core Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.7 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Up to 3.5 GHz Check out our Gigabyte Z890 Gaming 1851 LGa Mother Board Reviews & Test on Performance an Motherboard Tests